古鯨
外观
(重定向自古鯨亞目)
![]() 化石时期:
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巴基鯨(上)與走鯨(下)的骨骼模擬 | |
科学分类![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
目: | 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla |
下目: | 鲸下目 Cetacea |
並系群: | †古鯨類 Archaeoceti Flower, 1833 |
传统分类中包含的子类群 | |
传统分类中未包含,但在 演化层面上包含的演化支 | |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Cynthiacetus_and_Ambulocetus.jpg/250px-Cynthiacetus_and_Ambulocetus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Kutchicetus_minimus.jpg/250px-Kutchicetus_minimus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Zygorhiza_kochii_%28early_whale%29.jpg/250px-Zygorhiza_kochii_%28early_whale%29.jpg)
古鯨小目(學名:Archaeoceti)也作原鲸小目,即古代鯨魚,包括現代鯨魚的祖先。古鯨小目是鯨下目三個小目之一,传统上用以概括史前鲸豚类,但不包括其存活至现代的后代,因此,这是一个并系群分类,不是自然的演化支。古鯨擁有後肢,不像今日的鯨類。最早的古鯨可能完全在陸地上活動。其滅絕原因至今眾說紛紜,其中一種解釋是由於氣候變化,海洋變得過份寒冷,造成古鯨類滅絕。
分类
[编辑]- 古鯨小目 Archaeoceti Flower, 1833
- 巴基鲸科 Pakicetidae Gingerich e Russell, 1990
- 步鲸科 Ambulocetidae Thewissen, Madar e Hussain, 1996
- 雷明頓鯨科 Remingtonocetidae Kumar e Sahni, 1986
- 原鲸科 Protocetidae Stromer, 1908
- 埃及鲸属 Aegyptocetus Bianucci & Gingerich 2011
- Tupelocetus
- 原鲸亚科 Protocetinae Gingerich et al. 2005)
- 熊神鲸 Artiocetus Gingerich, ul Haq, Zalmout, Khan & Malkani, 2001
- 圆齿鲸 Crenatocetus McLeod & Barnes 2008
- Dhedacetus Bajpai and Thewissen, 2014
- 加氏鲸 Gaviacetus Gingerich, Arif e Clye, 1995
- 印支鲸 Indocetus Sahni e Mishra, 1975
- Kharodacetus Bajpai and Thewissen, 2014
- 慈母鲸 Maiacetus Gingerich et al., 2009
- 原鲸 Protocetus Fraas, 1904
- 乔丹斯鲸 Qaisracetus Gingerich,Ul-Haq, Khan e Zalmout, 2001
- 罗德侯鲸 Rodhocetus Gingerich, Raza, Arif, Anwar e Zhou, 1994
- 泰卡鲸 Takracetus Gingerich, Arif e Clyde, 1995
- 多哥鲸 Togocetus Gingerich & Cappetta 2014
- Peregocetus Lambert et al., 2019
- 麦卡鲸亚科 Makaracetinae P. D. Gingerich et al. 2005
- 麦卡鲸 Makaracetus P. D. Gingerich et al. 2005
- 乔治亚鲸亚科 Georgiacetinae Gingerich et al., 2005
- 龙王鲸科 Basilosauridae Cope, 1868
- 矛齿鲸科 Dorudontidae (Miller, 1923)
- 矛齿鲸亚科 Dorudontinae Miller, 1923
- 弯臂鲸 Ancalecetus Gingerich e Uhen, 1996
- 金原鲸 Chrysocetus Uhen e Gingerich, 2001
- 辛西娅鲸 Cynthiacetus Uhen, 2005
- 矛齿鲸 Dorudon Gibbes, 1845
- 奥库卡赫鲸 Ocucajea Uhen et al. 2011
- 海乡鲸 Pontogeneus Leidy, 1852
- 施特罗默鲸 Stromerius Gingerich, 2007
- 撒格哈鯨屬 Saghacetus Gingerich, 1992
- 死神鲸 Supayacetus Uhen et al. 2011
- 轭根鲸 Zygorhiza True, 1904
- 矛齿鲸亚科 Dorudontinae Miller, 1923
种系发生学
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†古鲸小目 Archaeoceti |
地質時期
[编辑]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Archaeoceti_geological_ages_01.jpg/640px-Archaeoceti_geological_ages_01.jpg)
參考文献
[编辑]- Andrews, C. W. A description of new species of zeuglodont and of leathery turtle from the Eocene of Southern Nigeria (PDF). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1919. 1920, 18: 309–19 [April 2013]. OCLC 228169273. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-01-04).
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- Fraas, E. Neue Zeuglodonten aus dem unteren Mitteleozän von Mokattam bei Cairo 6 (3). Jena: Verlag Gustav Fischer: 199–220. 1904.
- Geisler, Jonathan H; Sanders, Albert E; Luo, Zhe-Xi. A new protocetid whale (Cetacea, Archaeoceti) from the late middle Eocene of South Carolina. American Museum Novitates. July 2005, 3480: 1–68. OCLC 4630500767. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2005)480[0001:ANPWCA]2.0.CO;2.
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- Gingerich, Philip D; Haq, U; Zalmout, S; Khan, H; Malkani, S. Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science. September 2001, 293 (5538): 2239–2242. Bibcode:2001Sci...293.2239G. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11567134. doi:10.1126/science.1063902.
- Gingerich, Philip D; Arif, M; Bhatti, M Akram; Anwar, M; Sanders, William J. Basilosaurus drazindai and Basiloterus hussaini, New Archaeoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, with a Revised Interpretation of Ages of Whale-Bearing Strata in the Kirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 1997, 30 (2): 55–81. OCLC 742731913.
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- Gingerich, Philip D.; Arif, Muhammad; Clyde, William C. New Archaeocetes (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene Domanda Formation of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan). Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan. 1995, 29 (11): 291–330 [February 2013]. OCLC 34123868.
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- Gingerich, Philip D.; ul-Haq, Munir; von Koenigswald, Wighart; Sanders, William J.; Smith, B. Holly; Zalmout, Iyad S. New Protocetid Whale from the Middle Eocene of Pakistan: Birth on Land, Precocial Development, and Sexual Dimorphism. PLoS ONE. 2009, 4 (2): e4366. OCLC 678622523. PMC 2629576
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|journal=
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- Uhen, Mark D. New protocetid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the late middle Eocene Cook Mountain Formation of Louisiana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1998, 18 (3): 664–8. OCLC 204612030.
- Uhen, Mark D; Gingerich, Philip D. New genus of dorudontine archaeocete (Cetacea) from the middle-to-late Eocene of South Carolina. Marine Mammal Science. January 2001, 17 (1): 1–34. OCLC 204061291. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb00979.x.
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外部連結
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- ^ Giovanni Bianucci and Philip D. Gingerich. 2011. Aegyptocetus tarfa, n. gen. et sp. (Mammalia, Cetacea), from the Middle Eocene of Egypt: Clinorhynchy, Olfaction, and Hearing in a Protocetid Whale. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31(6); 1173–1188. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2011.607985