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精神藥理學

维基百科,自由的百科全书
(重定向自心理药物学

心理藥物學(英文:Psychopharmacology )是指以科學方法研究預備、使用心理疾病藥物及這些藥物的效用。心理疾病相關藥物稱為psychotropic medications(psycho:心理的;tropic:作用於)。

主要概念[1]

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基本概念

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常見不跟從服藥指示原因[5]
  • 以為很快見效,但抗抑鬱藥要至少2星期才見效
  • 麻煩、工作上不便,或影響生計
  • 服藥等於軟弱
  • 以為會根治,但有的藥物只是爭取時間來讓病患有更多精力去處理問題
  • 享受藥物的舒緩效果,如服用巴比妥類後會很快就不緊張
  • 享受受人關注,病了有人去關心自己而繼續去病附加的好處英语Primary and secondary gain
親和性 (Affinity) 效能(Efficacy)
活化劑(agonist)
阻斷劑(antagonist) 中至高

化學訊號

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精神作用藥物通常用神經遞質來影響神經傳導英语Neurotransmission神經遞質主要一種化學物質來讓神經元互相溝通,而精神作用藥物則影響這個溝通過程。這些藥物可以

  1. 作為神經遞質前體(precursor)(作為製造神經遞質的原材料)
  2. 壓抑神經遞質的生成
  3. 避免突触小泡(presynaptic vesicle)儲存神經遞質
  4. 刺激或抑制神經遞質釋出
  5. 刺激或抑制後突觸(post-synaptic)的受體運作(Receptor)
  6. 刺激再攝取泵(autoreceptor),減少神經遞質釋出
  7. 阻礙再攝取泵(autoreceptor),增加神經遞質釋出
  8. 壓抑神經傳導英语Neurotransmission breakdown
  9. 阻礙前突觸(presynaptic)被再吸收英语reuptake(reuptake)
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容,歡迎參與翻譯

The other central method through which drugs act is by affecting communications between cells through hormones. Neurotransmitters can usually only travel a microscopic distance before reaching their target at the other side of the synaptic cleft, while hormones can travel long distances before reaching target cells anywhere in the body. Thus, the endocrine system is a critical focus of psychopharmacology because 1) drugs can alter the secretion of many hormones; 2) hormones may alter the behavioral responses to drugs; 3) hormones themselves sometimes have psychoactive properties; and 4) the secretion of some hormones, especially those dependent on the pituitary gland, is controlled by neurotransmitter systems in the brain.

常見心理藥物

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相關期刊

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參考來源

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  6. ^ 保安局禁毒處 - 戒毒治療和康復服務戒毒治療和康復服務. www.nd.gov.hk. [2019-03-21]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-18). 
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  8. ^ Wesley McCammon, Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane, 2009-07-19 [2019-03-21], (原始内容存档于2020-02-24) 
  9. ^ Khutoryanskiy, Vitaliy V. Longer and safer gastric residence. Nature Materials. 2015-10, 14 (10): 963–964. ISSN 1476-1122. doi:10.1038/nmat4432. 
  10. ^ Carbon Oxidation. learn.genetics.utah.edu. [2019-03-21]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-21). 
  11. ^ Nucleus Medical Media, Biology: Cell Structure I Nucleus Medical Media, 2015-03-18 [2019-03-21], (原始内容存档于2019-06-02) 
  12. ^ What Is A Standard Drink? | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). www.niaaa.nih.gov. [2019-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-26). 
  13. ^ Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers. www.sinauer.com. [2019-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-20). 
  14. ^ Purple Haze of Parkinson’s: How Dopamine Works. Journey with Parkinson's. 2015-08-05 [2019-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-29) (英语). 
  15. ^ 2. General Mechanisms of the Endocrine Regulation • Functions of Cells and Human Body. [2019-03-21]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-21) (美国英语). 
  16. ^ About Huntington's Disease and Serotonin. HOPES Huntington's Disease Information. 2011-06-30 [2019-03-21]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-14) (美国英语). 
  17. ^ Pharmapedia, Agonist Dose Response Curves, 2015-06-11 [2019-03-21], (原始内容存档于2021-05-21) 
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  19. ^ ToxTutor - Determining the Safety of a Drug. toxtutor.nlm.nih.gov. [2019-03-21]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-21). 
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