鎳的同位素
外观
(重定向自镍的同位素)
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鎳(原子量:58.6934(2))共有24個同位素,其中有5個是穩定的。
圖表[编辑]
符號 | Z | N | 同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率)[n 2] |
相對豐度 的變化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量[n 2] | |||||||||
48 Ni |
28 | 20 | 48.01975(54)# | 10# ms [>500 ns] |
0+ | ||||
49 Ni |
28 | 21 | 49.00966(43)# | 13(4) ms [12(+5-3) ms] |
7/2−# | ||||
50 Ni |
28 | 22 | 49.99593(28)# | 9.1(18) ms | β+ | 50 Co |
0+ | ||
51 Ni |
28 | 23 | 50.98772(28)# | 30# ms [>200 ns] |
β+ | 51 Co |
7/2−# | ||
52 Ni |
28 | 24 | 51.97568(9)# | 38(5) ms | β+ (83%) | 52 Co |
0+ | ||
β+, p (17%) | 51 Fe | ||||||||
53 Ni |
28 | 25 | 52.96847(17)# | 45(15) ms | β+ (55%) | 53 Co |
(7/2−)# | ||
β+, p (45%) | 52 Fe | ||||||||
54 Ni |
28 | 26 | 53.95791(5) | 104(7) ms | β+ | 54 Co |
0+ | ||
55 Ni |
28 | 27 | 54.951330(12) | 204.7(17) ms | β+ | 55 Co |
7/2− | ||
56 Ni |
28 | 28 | 55.942132(12) | 6.075(10) d | β+ | 56 Co |
0+ | ||
57 Ni |
28 | 29 | 56.9397935(19) | 35.60(6) h | β+ | 57 Co |
3/2− | ||
58 Ni |
28 | 30 | 57.9353429(7) | 觀測上穩定[n 4] | 0+ | 0.680769(89) | |||
59 Ni |
28 | 31 | 58.9343467(7) | 7.6(5)×104 y | ε (99%) | 59 Co |
3/2− | ||
β+ (1.5x10−5%)[3] | |||||||||
60 Ni |
28 | 32 | 59.9307864(7) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.262231(77) | |||
61 Ni |
28 | 33 | 60.9310560(7) | 稳定 | 3/2− | 0.011399(6) | |||
62 Ni [n 5] |
28 | 34 | 61.9283451(6) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.036345(17) | |||
63 Ni |
28 | 35 | 62.9296694(6) | 100.1(20) y | β− | 63 Cu |
1/2− | ||
63m Ni |
87.15(11) keV | 1.67(3) µs | 5/2− | ||||||
64 Ni |
28 | 36 | 63.9279660(7) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.009256(9) | |||
65 Ni |
28 | 37 | 64.9300843(7) | 2.5172(3) h | β− | 65 Cu |
5/2− | ||
65m Ni |
63.37(5) keV | 69(3) µs | 1/2− | ||||||
66 Ni |
28 | 38 | 65.9291393(15) | 54.6(3) h | β− | 66 Cu |
0+ | ||
67 Ni |
28 | 39 | 66.931569(3) | 21(1) s | β− | 67 Cu |
1/2− | ||
67m Ni |
1007(3) keV | 13.3(2) µs | β− | 67 Cu |
9/2+ | ||||
IT | 67Ni | ||||||||
68 Ni |
28 | 40 | 67.931869(3) | 29(2) s | β− | 68 Cu |
0+ | ||
68m1 Ni |
1770.0(10) keV | 276(65) ns | 0+ | ||||||
68m2 Ni |
2849.1(3) keV | 860(50) µs | 5- | ||||||
69 Ni |
28 | 41 | 68.935610(4) | 11.5(3) s | β− | 69 Cu |
9/2+ | ||
69m1 Ni |
321(2) keV | 3.5(4) s | β− | 69 Cu |
(1/2−) | ||||
IT | 69Ni | ||||||||
69m2 Ni |
2701(10) keV | 439(3) ns | (17/2−) | ||||||
70 Ni |
28 | 42 | 69.93650(37) | 6.0(3) s | β− | 70 Cu |
0+ | ||
70m Ni |
2860(2) keV | 232(1) ns | 8+ | ||||||
71 Ni |
28 | 43 | 70.94074(40) | 2.56(3) s | β− | 71 Cu |
1/2−# | ||
72 Ni |
28 | 44 | 71.94209(47) | 1.57(5) s | β− (>99.9%) | 72 Cu |
0+ | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 71 Cu | ||||||||
73 Ni |
28 | 45 | 72.94647(32)# | 0.84(3) s | β− (>99.9%) | 73 Cu |
(9/2+) | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 72 Cu | ||||||||
74 Ni |
28 | 46 | 73.94807(43)# | 0.68(18) s | β− (>99.9%) | 74 Cu |
0+ | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 73 Cu | ||||||||
75 Ni |
28 | 47 | 74.95287(43)# | 0.6(2) s | β− (98.4%) | 75 Cu |
(7/2+)# | ||
β−, n (1.6%) | 74 Cu | ||||||||
76 Ni |
28 | 48 | 75.95533(97)# | 470(390) ms [0.24(+55-24) s] |
β− (>99.9%) | 76 Cu |
0+ | ||
β−, n (<.1%) | 75 Cu | ||||||||
77 Ni |
28 | 49 | 76.96055(54)# | 300# ms [>300 ns] |
β− | 77 Cu |
9/2+# | ||
78 Ni |
28 | 50 | 77.96318(118)# | 120# ms [>300 ns] |
β− | 78 Cu |
0+ |
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,僅為理論推測。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。
- ^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
- ^ 被认为会双β衰变成58Fe,半衰期超过7×1020年
- ^ 在所有核素中有最高每一核子结合能
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鈷的同位素 | 鎳的同位素 | 銅的同位素 |
参考文獻[编辑]
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- ^ I. Gresits; S. Tölgyesi. Determination of soft X-ray emitting isotopes in radioactive liquid wastes of nuclear power plants. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. September 2003, 258 (1): 107–112 [2015-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-21).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素與同位素的穩定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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