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美国的种族与犯罪

维基百科,自由的百科全书

美国,自20世纪以来,种族犯罪之间的关系一直是公众和学术关注的焦点[1]。不同种族群体之间的犯罪率差异很大。在美国,大多数凶杀案的受害者与犯罪者属于黑人

学术研究表明,在刑事案件中,一些少数族裔的比例过高,部分原因在于社会经济因素,如贫困、没有受到良好教育以及接触有害化学品(例如)和污染等因素[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]。与种族隔离有关的居住隔离也与犯罪率的种族差异有关,因为黑人历史上长期被政府和私人阻止迁入繁荣的低犯罪率地区 [12][13][14]

研究还表明,警察和司法系统存在着广泛的种族和族裔歧视[15][16][17][18][19]。研究人员通过大量学术文献比较了警察的搜查(表明被警方盘查的白人其实发现违禁品的比率较高)、法院保释决定(表明在白人和黑人保释人数相同的情况下,白人在审判前违规行为较多)和判刑(表明当案件的基本事实和情况相似时,陪审团和法官对黑人的判刑比白人更严厉),推断出有关种族歧视的因果关系[20][21][22][23]

参考文献

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