壓抑記憶
外觀
壓抑記憶(英語:Repressed memory)是一個備受爭議的心理學理論。[1]該學說認為,一些創傷事件的記憶,可能存在潛意識中,但意識沒法回憶出來。雖然這些潛意識記憶沒法從正常意識中回憶,但仍會透過潛意識的力量,影響個人的行為、情感及情緒反應[2]
儘管人們普遍認為外行和臨床心理學家會相信壓抑記憶的現象,[3]很多心理學研究對記憶是否會出現抑壓仍有非常大的爭議。[4][5][6][7][8][9] 一些心理學專家認為, 壓抑記憶可以透過心理治療 (或可以幾年或幾十年後自然回復,如經歷到一些事件觸發壓抑記憶被回復),[10] 不過,大部分專家認為,使用恢復記憶療法,有可能會創造錯誤記憶,而非真正回復被壓抑的記憶。[11][12][8] 根據美國心理學會, 在沒有其他佐證下,要分辦壓抑記憶及錯誤記憶基本是沒有可能。 [2]
參見
[編輯]參考
[編輯]- ^ Loftus, Elizabeth; Ketchum, Katherine. The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse. New York, NY: St. Martins Press. 1994. ISBN 0312114540.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Questions and Answers about Memories of Childhood Abuse (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館).apa.org
- ^ Loftus, Elizabeth F. The reality of repressed memories. American Psychologist. 1993, 48 (5): 518–537. PMID 8507050. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.5.518.
- ^ McNally, R.J. The Science and Folklore of Traumatic Amnesia. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice. 2004, 11 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bph056.
- ^ McNally RJ. Dispelling confusion about traumatic dissociative amnesia. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2007, 82 (9): 1083–90. PMID 17803876. doi:10.4065/82.9.1083.
- ^ McNally RJ. Is traumatic amnesia nothing but psychiatric folklore?. Cogn Behav Ther. 2004, 33 (2): 97–101; discussion 102–4, 109–11. PMID 15279316. doi:10.1080/16506070410021683.
- ^ McNally RJ. Debunking myths about trauma and memory. Can J Psychiatry. 2005, 50 (13): 817–22. PMID 16483114. doi:10.1177/070674370505001302.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 McNally, RJ. Dispelling confusion about traumatic dissociative amnesia. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. September 2007, 82 (9): 1083–90. PMID 17803876. doi:10.4065/82.9.1083.
- ^ Otgaar, Henry; Howe, Mark; Patihis, Lawrence; Merckelbach, Harald; Lynn, Stephen; Lilienfeld, Scott; Loftus, Elizabeth. The return of the repressed: The persistent and problematic claims of long-forgotten trauma. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2019, 14 (6): 1072–1095. PMC 6826861
. PMID 31584864. doi:10.1177/1745691619862306.
- ^ Albach, Francine; Peter Paul Moormann; Bob Bermond. Memory recovery of childhood sexual abuse. Dissociation. December 1996, 9 (4): 261–273. ISSN 0896-2863. hdl:1794/1774.
- ^ Amicus Curiae brief in Taus v. Loftus, (Supreme Court of California February 21, 2006).
- ^ Revisiting the memory wars: repressed/recovered memory and dissociation (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館); ABC TV, Catalyst (September 22, 2011).
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