環境衝突
外觀
環境衝突是在環境資源管理不善造成環境退化的過程中導致的衝突。[1][2][3] 通常,環境衝突涉及多方,其中有環境保護人士和因管理不善造成環境退化的組織。[1] 這些衝突頻繁地專注於和環境正義相關的, 原住民權利和農民權利。[3] 環境衝突,尤其當衝突有環境污染後產生的環境難民或涉及地緣政治糾紛時可能加大其他衝突,暴力,或災難救援的複雜性。[4][3][5]
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Scheidel, Arnim; Del Bene, Daniela; Liu, Juan; Navas, Grettel; Mingorría, Sara; Demaria, Federico; Avila, Sofía; Roy, Brototi; Ertör, Irmak; Temper, Leah; Martínez-Alier, Joan. Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview. Global Environmental Change. 2020-07-01, 63: 102104. ISSN 0959-3780. PMC 7418451
. PMID 32801483. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102104 (英語).
- ^ Lee, James R., What is a field and why does it grow? Is there a field of environmental conflict?, Environmental Conflict and Cooperation (Routledge), 2019-06-12: 69–75 [2022-02-18], ISBN 978-1-351-13924-3, S2CID 198051009, doi:10.4324/9781351139243-9, (原始內容存檔於2022-04-13)
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Libiszewski, Stephan. "What is an Environmental Conflict (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)?." Journal of Peace Research 28.4 (1991): 407-422.
- ^ Environment, Conflict and Peacebuilding. International Institute for Sustainable Development. [2022-02-18]. (原始內容存檔於2022-04-08) (英語).
- ^ Mason, Simon; Spillman, Kurt R. Environmental Conflicts and Regional Conflict Management. WELFARE ECONOMICS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – Volume II. EOLSS Publications. 2009-11-17. ISBN 978-1-84826-010-8 (英語).