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聯合抵制蒙哥馬利公車運動

維基百科,自由的百科全書
羅莎·帕克斯被捕前乘坐的全美城際線路巴士第2857號(老式通用汽車,序列號1132),現存放於亨利·福特博物館。

聯合抵制蒙哥馬利巴士運動(Montgomery Bus Boycott),是美國一場大規模反對種族隔離的社會運動,起因是黑人羅莎·帕克斯在1955年12月1日拒絕聽從蒙哥馬利巴士司機詹姆斯·F·布萊克的命令,不肯讓位給一名白人乘客而引起。參與聯合抵制的馬丁·路德·金開始在民權運動中引起注目。

羅莎·帕克斯

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帕克斯所乘巴士的座位,1955年12月1日。

E·D·尼克遜

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抵制

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勝利

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史密森尼學會巡迴展覽[1]「聯合抵制蒙哥馬利公車運動的381天」,華盛頓州立歷史博物館。

引述

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  1. ^ 存档副本. [2014-06-05]. (原始內容存檔於2011-03-16). 

更多閱讀

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  • Berg, Allison, "Trauma and Testimony in Black Women's Civil Rights Memoirs: The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It, Warriors Don't Cry, and From the Mississippi Delta", Journal of Women's History, 21 (Fall 2009), 84–107.
  • Branch, Taylor. Parting The Waters: America In The King Years, 1954-63 (1988; New York: Simon & Schuster/Touchstone, 1989). ISBN 0-671-68742-5
  • Carson, Clayborne, et al., editors, Eyes on The Prize Civil Rights Reader: documents, speeches, and first hand accounts from the black freedom struggle (New York:Penguin Books, 1991). ISBN 0-14-015403-5
  • Freedman, Russell, "Freedom Walkers: The Story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott"
  • Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. (1986) ISBN 0-394-75623-1
  • Garrow, David J., editor, The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson (Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1987). ISBN 0-87049-527-5
  • King, Martin Luther, Jr., Stride Toward Freedom. ISBN 0-06-250490-8
  • Morris, Aldon D., The Origins Of The Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing For Change (New York: The Free Press, 1984). ISBN 0-02-922130-7
  • Parks, Rosa. My Story. New York: Dial Books. 1992. 
  • Raines, Howell, My Soul Is Rested: The Story Of The Civil Rights Movement In The Deep South. ISBN 0-14-006753-1
  • Walsh, Frank, Landmark Events in American History: The Montgomery Bus Boycott.
  • Williams, Juan, Eyes on The Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965 (New York: Penguin Books, 1988). ISBN 0-14-009653-1

參考

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