鉈的同位素
外觀
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鉈(原子量:204.3833(2))的同位素,其中有2個是穩定的。
圖表
[編輯]符號 | 歷史 名稱 |
Z | N | 同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率)[3][n 2] |
相對豐度 的變化量 (莫耳分率)[4] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量[n 1][n 2] | ||||||||||
176Tl[5] | 81 | 95 | 176.00059(21)# | +1.6 −0.7 ms 2.4 |
p(~63%) | 175Hg | (3−, 4−, 5−) | |||
α(~37%) | 172Au | |||||||||
176mTl | ~671 keV | +200 −80 µs 290 |
p(~50%) | 175Hg | ||||||
α(~50%) | 172mAu | |||||||||
177Tl | 81 | 96 | 176.996427(27) | 18(5) ms | p | 176Hg | (1/2+) | |||
α (不常見) | 173Au | |||||||||
177mTl | 807(18) keV | 230(40) µs | p | 176Hg | (11/2−) | |||||
α | 173Au | |||||||||
178Tl | 81 | 97 | 177.99490(12)# | 255(10) ms | α | 174Au | ||||
p (不常見) | 177Hg | |||||||||
179Tl | 81 | 98 | 178.99109(5) | 270(30) ms | α | 175Au | (1/2+) | |||
p (不常見) | 178Hg | |||||||||
179mTl | 860(30)# keV | 1.60(16) ms | α | 175Au | (9/2−) | |||||
IT (不常見) | 179Tl | |||||||||
180Tl | 81 | 99 | 179.98991(13)# | 1.5(2) s | α (75%) | 176Au | ||||
β+ (25%) | 180Hg | |||||||||
EC,SF (10−4%) | 100Ru, 80Kr[6] | |||||||||
181Tl | 81 | 100 | 180.986257(10) | 3.2(3) s | α | 177Au | 1/2+# | |||
β+ | 181Hg | |||||||||
181mTl | 857(29) keV | 1.7(4) ms | α | 177Au | 9/2−# | |||||
β+ | 181Hg | |||||||||
182Tl | 81 | 101 | 181.98567(8) | 2.0(3) s | β+ (96%) | 182Hg | 2−# | |||
α (4%) | 178Au | |||||||||
182m1Tl | 100(100)# keV | 2.9(5) s | α | 178Au | (7+) | |||||
β+ (不常見) | 182Hg | |||||||||
182m2Tl | 600(140)# keV | 10− | ||||||||
183Tl | 81 | 102 | 182.982193(10) | 6.9(7) s | β+ (98%) | 183Hg | 1/2+# | |||
α (2%) | 179Au | |||||||||
183m1Tl | 630(17) keV | 53.3(3) ms | IT (99.99%) | 183Tl | 9/2−# | |||||
α (.01%) | 179Au | |||||||||
183m2Tl | 976.8(3) keV | 1.48(10) µs | (13/2+) | |||||||
184Tl | 81 | 103 | 183.98187(5) | 9.7(6) s | β+ | 184Hg | 2−# | |||
184m1Tl | 100(100)# keV | 10# s | β+ (97.9%) | 184Hg | 7+# | |||||
α (2.1%) | 180Au | |||||||||
184m2Tl | 500(140)# keV | >20 ns | (10−) | |||||||
185Tl | 81 | 104 | 184.97879(6) | 19.5(5) s | α | 181Au | 1/2+# | |||
β+ | 185Hg | |||||||||
185mTl | 452.8(20) keV | 1.93(8) s | IT (99.99%) | 185Tl | 9/2−# | |||||
α (.01%) | 181Au | |||||||||
β+ | 185Hg | |||||||||
186Tl | 81 | 105 | 185.97833(20) | 40# s | β+ | 186Hg | (2−) | |||
α (.006%) | 182Au | |||||||||
186m1Tl | 320(180) keV | 27.5(10) s | β+ | 186Hg | (7+) | |||||
186m2Tl | 690(180) keV | 2.9(2) s | (10−) | |||||||
187Tl | 81 | 106 | 186.975906(9) | ~51 s | β+ | 187Hg | (1/2+) | |||
α (不常見) | 183Au | |||||||||
187mTl | 335(3) keV | 15.60(12) s | α | 183Au | (9/2−) | |||||
IT | 187Tl | |||||||||
β+ | 187Hg | |||||||||
188Tl | 81 | 107 | 187.97601(4) | 71(2) s | β+ | 188Hg | (2−) | |||
188m1Tl | 40(30) keV | 71(1) s | β+ | 188Hg | (7+) | |||||
188m2Tl | 310(30) keV | 41(4) ms | (9−) | |||||||
189Tl | 81 | 108 | 188.973588(12) | 2.3(2) min | β+ | 189Hg | (1/2+) | |||
189mTl | 257.6(13) keV | 1.4(1) min | β+ (96%) | 189Hg | (9/2−) | |||||
IT (4%) | 189Tl | |||||||||
190Tl | 81 | 109 | 189.97388(5) | 2.6(3) min | β+ | 190Hg | 2(−) | |||
190m1Tl | 130(90)# keV | 3.7(3) min | β+ | 190Hg | 7(+#) | |||||
190m2Tl | 290(70)# keV | 750(40) µs | (8−) | |||||||
190m3Tl | 410(70)# keV | >1 µs | 9− | |||||||
191Tl | 81 | 110 | 190.971786(8) | 20# min | β+ | 191Hg | (1/2+) | |||
191mTl | 297(7) keV | 5.22(16) min | β+ | 191Hg | 9/2(−) | |||||
192Tl | 81 | 111 | 191.97223(3) | 9.6(4) min | β+ | 192Hg | (2−) | |||
192m1Tl | 160(50) keV | 10.8(2) min | β+ | 192Hg | (7+) | |||||
192m2Tl | 407(54) keV | 296(5) ns | (8−) | |||||||
193Tl | 81 | 112 | 192.97067(12) | 21.6(8) min | β+ | 193Hg | 1/2(+#) | |||
193mTl | 369(4) keV | 2.11(15) min | IT (75%) | 193Tl | 9/2− | |||||
β+ (25%) | 193Hg | |||||||||
194Tl | 81 | 113 | 193.97120(15) | 33.0(5) min | β+ | 194Hg | 2− | |||
α (10−7%) | 190Au | |||||||||
194mTl | 300(200)# keV | 32.8(2) min | β+ | 194Hg | (7+) | |||||
195Tl | 81 | 114 | 194.969774(15) | 1.16(5) h | β+ | 195Hg | 1/2+ | |||
195mTl | 482.63(17) keV | 3.6(4) s | IT | 195Tl | 9/2− | |||||
196Tl | 81 | 115 | 195.970481(13) | 1.84(3) h | β+ | 196Hg | 2− | |||
196mTl | 394.2(5) keV | 1.41(2) h | β+ (95.5%) | 196Hg | (7+) | |||||
IT (4.5%) | 196Tl | |||||||||
197Tl | 81 | 116 | 196.969575(18) | 2.84(4) h | β+ | 197Hg | 1/2+ | |||
197mTl | 608.22(8) keV | 540(10) ms | IT | 197Tl | 9/2− | |||||
198Tl | 81 | 117 | 197.97048(9) | 5.3(5) h | β+ | 198Hg | 2− | |||
198m1Tl | 543.5(4) keV | 1.87(3) h | β+ (54%) | 198Hg | 7+ | |||||
IT (46%) | 198Tl | |||||||||
198m2Tl | 687.2(5) keV | 150(40) ns | (5+) | |||||||
198m3Tl | 742.3(4) keV | 32.1(10) ms | (10−)# | |||||||
199Tl | 81 | 118 | 198.96988(3) | 7.42(8) h | β+ | 199Hg | 1/2+ | |||
199mTl | 749.7(3) keV | 28.4(2) ms | IT | 199Tl | 9/2− | |||||
200Tl | 81 | 119 | 199.970963(6) | 26.1(1) h | β+ | 200Hg | 2− | |||
200m1Tl | 753.6(2) keV | 34.3(10) ms | IT | 200Tl | 7+ | |||||
200m2Tl | 762.0(2) keV | 0.33(5) µs | 5+ | |||||||
201Tl[n 4] | 81 | 120 | 200.970819(16) | 72.912(17) h | ε | 201Hg | 1/2+ | |||
201mTl | 919.50(9) keV | 2.035(7) ms | IT | 201Tl | (9/2−) | |||||
202Tl | 81 | 121 | 201.972106(16) | 12.23(2) d | β+ | 202Hg | 2− | |||
202mTl | 950.19(10) keV | 572(7) µs | 7+ | |||||||
203Tl | 81 | 122 | 202.9723442(14) | 觀測上穩定[n 5] | 1/2+ | 0.29515(44) | [0.2944, 0.2959] | |||
203mTl | 3400(300) keV | 7.7(5) µs | (25/2+) | |||||||
204Tl | 81 | 123 | 203.9738635(13) | 3.78(2) y | β− (97.1%) | 204Pb | 2− | |||
ε (2.9%) | 204Hg | |||||||||
204m1Tl | 1104.0(4) keV | 63(2) µs | (7)+ | |||||||
204m2Tl | 2500(500) keV | 2.6(2) µs | (12−) | |||||||
204m3Tl | 3500(500) keV | 1.6(2) µs | (20+) | |||||||
205Tl[n 6] | 81 | 124 | 204.9744275(14) | 觀測上穩定[n 7] | 1/2+ | 0.70485(44) | [0.7041, 0.7056] | |||
205m1Tl | 3290.63(17) keV | 2.6(2) µs | 25/2+ | |||||||
205m2Tl | 4835.6(15) keV | 235(10) ns | (35/2–) | |||||||
206Tl | Radium E | 81 | 125 | 205.9761103(15) | 4.200(17) min | β− | 206Pb | 0− | 痕量[n 8] | |
206mTl | 2643.11(19) keV | 3.74(3) min | IT | 206Tl | (12–) | |||||
207Tl | Actinium C | 81 | 126 | 206.977419(6) | 4.77(2) min | β− | 207Pb | 1/2+ | 痕量[n 9] | |
207mTl | 1348.1(3) keV | 1.33(11) s | IT (99.9%) | 207Tl | 11/2– | |||||
β− (.1%) | 207Pb | |||||||||
208Tl | Thorium C | 81 | 127 | 207.9820187(21) | 3.053(4) min | β− | 208Pb | 5(+) | 痕量[n 10] | |
209Tl | 81 | 128 | 208.985359(8) | 2.161(7) min | β− | 209Pb | (1/2+) | |||
210Tl | Radium C″ | 81 | 129 | 209.990074(12) | 1.30(3) min | β− (99.991%) | 210Pb | (5+)# | 痕量[n 8] | |
β−, n (.009%) | 209Pb | |||||||||
211Tl | 81 | 130 | 210.993480(50) | 80(16) s | β− (97.8%) | 211Pb | 1/2+ | |||
β−, n (2.2%) | 210Pb | |||||||||
212Tl | 81 | 131 | 211.998340(220)# | 31(8) s | β− (98.2%) | 212Pb | (5+) | |||
β−, n (1.8%) | 211Pb | |||||||||
213Tl | 81 | 132 | 213.001915(29) | 24(4) s | β− (92.4%) | 213Pb | 1/2+ | |||
β−, n (7.6%) | 212Pb | |||||||||
214Tl | 81 | 133 | 214.006940(210)# | 11(2) s | β− (66%) | 214Pb | 5+# | |||
β−, n (34%) | 213Pb | |||||||||
215Tl | 81 | 134 | 215.010640(320)# | 10(4) s | β− (95.4%) | 215Pb | 1/2+# | |||
β−, n (4.6%) | 214Pb | |||||||||
216Tl | 81 | 135 | 216.015800(320)# | 6(3) s | β− | 216Pb | 5+# | |||
β−, n (<11.5%) | 215Pb |
← | 同位素列表 | → |
汞的同位素 | 鉈的同位素 | 鉛的同位素 |
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart
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- ^ Standard Atomic Weights: Thallium. CIAAW. [2024-05-29].
- ^ Al-Aqeel, Muneerah Abdullah M. Decay Spectroscopy of the Thallium Isotopes 176,177Tl. University of Liverpool. [21 June 2023]. (原始內容存檔於2023-07-09).
- ^ Reich, E. S. Mercury serves up a nuclear surprise: a new type of fission. Scientific American. 2010 [12 May 2011]. (原始內容存檔於2022-12-17).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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