馬三奇 (人物)
外觀
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馬三奇(東干語:Магәзы Масанчын,俄語:Магазы Масанчи,1886年—1937年)是蘇聯東干族的共產主義革命家和政治家。[1] 前布爾什維克黨員。 後在大清洗中被斯大林迫害。哈薩克斯坦江布爾州下轄的卡拉庫努孜村改名為馬三奇來紀念他。
職業生涯
[編輯]在俄國內戰時期,共產黨人有有意尋求非俄羅斯的中亞人民支持。東干人於是被邀請來加入蘇聯紅軍。[4]
居住在鎮上的東干人在沙皇軍隊中服役後回到比什凱克,再加入了蘇聯紅軍,在七河地區為蘇聯作戰。然而,東干人中的農民在內戰中對雙方都漠不關心,據報道布爾什維克對中亞土著居民犯下了暴行,而富有的東干人和伊斯蘭教的東干教士卻站在白人一邊,對同胞被殺漠不關心。[5]
馬三奇最初作為俄羅斯帝國軍隊的一員參加了第一次世界大戰。沙皇被推翻後,他去了塔什干。[3]
馬三奇曾指揮過蘇聯紅軍的東干騎兵團,並因在哈薩克斯坦與反革命分子作戰而聞名。[6][7]馬三奇曾與德米特里·安德烈耶維奇·富爾馬諾夫一起為蘇聯而戰。[8]內戰結束後,他成為烏茲別克斯坦和哈薩克斯坦的一名官員。[9]
1921年參加共產國際第三次代表大會後,馬三奇與巴斯瑪奇運動進行了鬥爭。他也是蘇聯秘密警察的一員。[10]
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Joseph L. Wieczynski. The Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, Volume 21. Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. (原始內容存檔於2017-07-28).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Borys Lewytzkyj. The Stalinist terror in the thirties: documentation from the Soviet press. Hoover Institution Press. 1974: 493 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-8179-1261-4.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Joseph L. Wieczynski. The Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, Volume 21. Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. (原始內容存檔於2017-06-19).
- ^ Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. Situating Central Asian review, Volume 16. Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 251 [2011-01-01]. (原始內容存檔於2018-08-01).
- ^ Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. Situating Central Asian review, Volume 16. Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 251 [2011-01-01].
- ^ Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. Situating Central Asian review, Volume 16. Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 250 [2011-01-01]. (原始內容存檔於2013-06-22).
- ^ Rais Abdulkhakovich Tuzmukhamedov. How the national question was solved in Soviet Central Asia (a reply to falsifiers). Progress Publishers. 1973: 74 [2011-01-01].
- ^ Joint Committee on Slavic Studies, American Council of Learned Societies, Social Science Research Council (U.S.), American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. The Current digest of the Soviet press, Volume 20. American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. 1968: 35 [2011-01-01].
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. Situating Central Asian review, Volume 16. Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 250 [2011-01-01].
- ^ Joseph L. Wieczynski. The Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, Volume 21. Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. (原始內容存檔於2013-05-27).