2015年珠穆朗瑪峰雪崩
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2015年珠穆朗瑪峰雪崩事故發生在2015年4月25日,是矩震級8.1級尼泊爾地震的次生災害,地震波造成珠穆朗瑪峰山體晃動引發致命雪崩,造成至少19人喪生,超過了一年多前的事故,成為了最致命的雪崩災難。
雪崩
[編輯]地震發生時有數百人在珠穆朗瑪峰[1]。地震引發數次大雪崩,波及鄰近山區。普莫里峰附近出現的一次雪崩[2],橫掃昆布冰瀑,席捲珠峰大本營[3][4][5][6]。一名印度陸軍登山隊員從大本營南面尋獲19具遺體,救出至少61人被困登山者[7][8][9] 。
珠峰位於震央以東220公里處,有700人至1000多人被認為當時在山上,至少61人受傷,「數十人」失蹤,更多人起初被困在高海拔的營地里,迷失了安全降落路線的方向。少數未被事故嚇倒的登山者,力求尼泊爾政府允許他們重新攀登[4][5][10][11][12][13]。
搜救
[編輯]印度空軍直升機4月26日上午抵達珠穆朗瑪峰展開救援行動[14],將22名重傷者送往裴麗切村(Pheriche),但行動因天氣惡劣而被叫停[15]。裴麗切是登山者的重要中轉站,外國志願者和當地人在當地設置了一所簡陋的醫院。
當天晚些時候,一架直升機據稱從珠峰一號大本營撤出數名登山者,大本營上方的第一階梯仍有100人無法安全降至一號和二號營地[16]。更多人於4月27日獲救[17]。處在大本營的登山者在災難發生幾天後發佈Twitter稱留下來的人「悲涼得偉大」,「高度尚未確定」。災區看上去好像被核彈擊中。一名登山者透過Facebook表示,被困於高處的人們「越來越絕望」[18]。4月27日有60人從一號營地救出,170人從二號營地救出[19]。
4月25日發現17具屍體,4月27日又發現一具。4月26日,61名重傷者中的一名在KMC醫院去世[19]。
死者
[編輯]Google員工丹·佛瑞爾迪博格(Dan Fredinburg)與公司另外三名員工攀登珠峰,為Google地球類項目測繪時遭遇雪崩身亡[20][21][22]。
4月28日尼泊爾登山協會公佈19名死者名單,其中10名為尼泊爾夏爾巴人,5名外國登山者,有4人身份尚未確認[23]。5名外國登山者中有2名美國人,1名中國人,1名澳大利亞人,1名日本人[24]。
影響
[編輯]昆布冰瀑階梯在事故中損壞[25],而申請再次攀登的登山者於2015年4月29日獲准[26]。「梯子將在未來兩到三天內修復,攀登會繼續下去,任何人都沒有理由去放棄他們的遠征,」尼泊爾旅遊部負責任圖爾西·高塔姆表示:「儘管沒有預測另一場地震的科學依據......但我們認為地面適合攀登,儘管餘震不夠穩定。」[26]
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Earthquake Devastates Nepal, Killing More Than 1,900. NY Times. 2015-04-26 [2015-04-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-26).
- ^ Everest Base Camp a ‘War Zone’ After Earthquake Triggers Avalanches. National Geographic. [2015-04-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-28).
- ^ 10 confirmed dead in Mount Everest avalanche, but toll expected to rise. The Washington Post. 2015-04-25 [2015-04-26]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-18).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Gopal Sharma. Seventeen bodies found at Everest base camp: Official. The Toronto Sun. Reuters. 2015-04-25 [2015-04-30]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-18).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Beaumont, Peter. Deadly Everest avalanche triggered by Nepal earthquake. The Guardian. 2015-04-25 [2015-04-25]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-18).
- ^ Extent of the Damage From the Nepal Earthquake. NY Times. 2015-04-26 [2015-04-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-26).
- ^ 'Huge disaster': Hikers around Everest run for lives, treat injured. CNN. [2015-04-30]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-28).
- ^ Nepal earthquake: Over 1,900 dead as search for survivors continues. iTV.com. [2015-04-30]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-25).
- ^ Indian Army's expedition team rescues 61 climbers from Mount Everest. DNA India. [2015-04-30]. (原始內容存檔於2019-04-02).
- ^ Gregory Korte and Aamer Madhani. Mount Everest avalanche survivor: 'I had to survive'. USA Today. 2015-04-26 [2015-04-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-28).
- ^ "Avalanche sweeps Everest base camp, killing 17, injuring 61" (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), 2015-04-25; 2015-04-28訪問
- ^ Peter Holley. Massive avalanche slams into Everest base camp following Nepal earthquake. Washington Post. 2015-04-25 [2015-04-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-28).
- ^ Melanie Eversley and Tom Vanden Brook. At least 10 dead, others missing as Nepal quake rocks Mount Everest. USA Today. 2015-04-25 [2015-04-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-27).
- ^ Live: First rescue plane lands at Kathmandu airport with 15 injured from Mt. Everest avalanche. firstpost.com. [2015-04-30]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-28).
- ^ Gardiner Harris. At Least 10 Everest Climbers Killed as Nepal Quake Sets Off Avalanche. New York Times. 2015-04-25 [2015-04-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-26).
- ^ Sanjeev Miglani. Injured flown from Everest, aftershock triggers new avalanches. Reuters. 2015-04-26 [2015-04-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-03).
- ^ Zoroya, Gregg. High-altitude helicopter rescues begin on Mt. Everest. USA Today. [2015-04-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-29).
- ^ Climbers trapped on Mount Everest 'are getting desperate'. Washington Post. [2015-04-27]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-27).
- ^ 19.0 19.1 Update News about avalanche at Everest (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), Nepal Mountaineering Association, 28 April, 2015
- ^ Conor Dougherty. 'Google Adventurer' Dies on Mt. Everest. New York Times. 2015-04-25 [2015-04-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-04-26).
- ^ Wills Robinson. 'If you don't return we'll know that you've already lived the equivalent of at least 100 lives': The heartbreaking letter from a friend Google engineer was carrying to read at Everest summit before avalanche killed him. Daily Mail. 2015-04-27 [2015-04-27]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-18).
- ^ Peter Holley. Before the Everest avalanche, four Americans were exactly where they wanted to be. Washington Post. 2015-04-28 [2015-04-29]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-04).
- ^ Name List of 15 identified dead body among 19 dead body found at Mt. Everest (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), Nepal Mountaineering Association, April 28, 2015
- ^ The Latest on Nepal: In Ravaged Hamlets, Lives Were Spared (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), U.S. News and World Reports, April 29, 2015
- ^ Samudra Gupta Kashyap. Assam mountaineers undetterred after avalanche await Nepal govt’s permission to climb Everest. The Indian Express. 2015-04-28 [2015-04-29]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-05).
- ^ 26.0 26.1 Climbing to resume on Mount Everest by next week: official. Agence France-Presse. 2015-04-29 [2015-04-30]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-03).
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