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帆鋸鰩屬

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帆鋸鰩屬
化石時期:阿爾布階至馬斯特里赫特階
努米底亞帆鋸鰩的牙齒化石
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱: 軟骨魚綱 Chondrichthyes
目: 鰩目 Rajiformes
科: 硬尖犁頭鰩科 Sclerorhynchidae
屬: 帆鋸鰩屬 Onchopristis
Stromer, 1917
模式種
努米底亞帆鋸鰩
Onchopristis numida

Haug英語Émile Haug, 1905
  • 努米底亞帆鋸鰩 O. numida
    Haug, 1905
  • 鄧氏帆鋸鰩 O. dunklei
    McNulty & Slaugter, 1962
異名[1]
屬異名
種異名
  • 努米底亞帆鋸鰩 O. numida
      • Gigantichthys numidus
        Haug, 1905
      • Platyspondylus foureaui
        Haug, 1905
      • Squatina aegyptiaca
        Stromer, 1927[7]
      • Sechmetia aegyptiaca
        (Stromer, 1927)
      • Peyeria libyca
        Weiler, 1935
    鄧氏帆鋸鰩 O. dunklei
      • Onchopristis dunklei praecursor
        Thurmond, 1971[8]
      • Sechmetia cruciformis
        Werner, 1989

帆鋸鰩屬屬名Onchopristis,意為「(牙齒)有倒鈎的鋸鰩」)是生存於白堊紀後期的大型淡水[9],化石發現於北非、北美與新西蘭。其外形與現生的鋸鰩科相近,吻部細長,牙齒著生於吻測,但兩者並非近親,且鋸鰩科的牙側光滑無凸起,而帆鋸鰩的牙齒在似釉質冠(enameloid cap)以後的區域具有一至五個倒鈎[1][10]

也有文獻將其歸入帆鋸鰩科 (Onchopristidae Villalobos-Segura, Kriwet, Vullo, Stumpf, Ward, & Underwood, 2021[11]

下屬物種

[編輯]

本屬包括以下物種:[12]

描述

[編輯]
努米底亞帆鋸鰩復原圖
帆鋸鰩屬(下)及當時與其共存的大型腔棘魚體型比較
帆鋸鰩屬的牙齒與其他鋸鰩的比較(紅色為努米底亞帆鋸鰩,綠色為鄧氏帆鋸鰩)

吻突長約2.5米(8.2英尺),外部有帶刺的牙齒。在兩種帆鋸鰩中,努米底亞帆鋸鰩的每顆牙齒都有一個倒鈎,但在鄧氏帆鋸鰩的每顆牙齒上有兩到五個倒鈎。[1]它們可以長到5-6米長。[13]

古生態學

[編輯]

和現代鋸鰩一樣,帆鋸鰩的眼睛位於頭頂,用於發現捕食者而不是獵物,它的嘴和鰓都在它的身體下側。[14]它們的吻部很可能會有電感受器來檢測它們下面的水中的食物,就像現代的鯊魚一樣。帆鋸鰩可能會穿過河床尋找然後吃掉獵物。[14]

大眾文化

[編輯]

帆鋸鰩在《Jurassic World™:遊戲》 中作為可收集角色登場。

在《恐龍星球》的電視節目中,帆鋸鰩被認為是棘龍的主要食物。

參考資料

[編輯]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Keyes, I. W. Records of the northern hemisphere Cretaceous Sawfish genus Onchopristis (order batoidea) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 1977, 20 (2): 263–272. ISSN 0028-8306. doi:10.1080/00288306.1977.10420706. 
  2. ^ Jordan, D.S. A classification of fishes, including families and genera as far known.. Stanford University Publications, University Series, Biological Sciences. 1923, 3 (2): 77–243. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.161386可免費查閱. 
  3. ^ Weiler, W. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 16. Neue Untersuchungen an den Fischresten (PDF). Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung. 1935, 32: 1–57. 
  4. ^ Werner, C. Die Elasmobranchier-Fauna des Gebel Dist Member der Bahariya Formation (Obercenoman) der Oase Bahariya, Ägypten. Palaeo Ichthyologica. 1989, 5: 1–112. 
  5. ^ Kirkland, J.I. Paleontology of the Greenhorn cyclothem (Cretaceous: late Cenomanian to middle Turonian) at Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 1996, 9: 1–131. 
  6. ^ Hunt, R.K.; Santucci, V.L.; Kenworthy, J. A preliminary inventory of fossil fish from National Park Service units. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 2006, 34: 63–69. 
  7. ^ Stromer, E. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 9. Die Plagiostomen mit einem Anhang über käno- und mesozoische Rückenflossenstacheln von Elasmobranchiern (PDF). Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung. 1927, 31 (5): 1–64. 
  8. ^ Thurmond, J.T. Cartilaginous fishes of the Trinity Group and related rocks (Lower Cretaceous) of north central Texas (PDF). Southeastern Geology. 1971, 13 (4): 207–227. 
  9. ^ Martill, D. M.; Ibrahim, N. Aberrant rostral teeth of the sawfish Onchopristis numidus from the Kem Kem beds (?early Late Cretaceous) of Morocco and a reappraisal of Onchopristis in New Zealand. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2012, 64: 71–76. ISSN 1464-343X. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.11.009. 
  10. ^ Cuny, G.; Suteethorn, V.; Khansubha, S. A sclerorhynchoid (Chondrichthyes: Batomorphii) in the lower cretaceous of Thailand?. Sullivan, R. M.; Lucas, S. G. (編). Fossil Record 4. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 67. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 2015: 15–18 [2021-04-15]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-29). 
  11. ^ Villalobos-Segura, E.; Kriwet, J.; Vullo, R.; Stumpf, S.; Ward, D.J.; Underwood, C.J. The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2021, 193 (2): 746–771. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa166. 
  12. ^ Onchopristis Stromer, 1918. GBIF. [2023-03-12]. (原始內容存檔於2023-03-12). 
  13. ^ This huge ancient sawfish had harpoons on its face. [2021-08-29]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-14). 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Scott, C. Planet Dinosaur: The Next Generation of Killer Giants. Firefly Books. 2012: 72–73. ISBN 978-1-77085-049-1.