卡罗兰城堡

卡罗兰城堡
卡罗兰城堡
Carolands Chateau
	西面（2007年）
别名	Carolands, Remillard Manor, The Chateau
词源	Harriett Pullman Carolan
概要
建筑风格	美术学院派建筑
所属国家／地区	美国
行政区	Hillsborough, California
地址	565 Remillard
坐标	37°33′19.8″N 122°22′14.7″W / 37.555500°N 122.370750°W
动土	1914年
竣工日	1916年
翻新	1998–2002年
造价	估计1,000,000美元（相等于2023年的30,118,421美元）
翻新造价	估计20,000,000美元（相等于2023年的33,879,741美元）
所有者	Harriett Pullman Carolan; (1915–1945年); Tomlinson Moseley; (1945–1948年); Mrs. S. Coe Robinson; (1948–1950年); Lillian Remillard Dandini; (1950–1973年); Selwyn McCabe; (1976–1976年); Rose 'Roz' Franks; (1976–1979?年); George Benny; (1979?–1982?年); Michael DeDomenico; (1986–1994?年); Raymond Hung; (1994–1997年); Kevin White; (1997–1998年); Charles and Ann Johnson; (1998–2012年); Carolands Foundation; (2012年至今);
高度
高度	100英尺（30米）
尺寸
其他尺寸	130英尺（40米） x 120英尺（37米）
设计与建造
建筑师	欧奈斯特·桑森（英语：Ernest Sanson）（设计）; 威利斯·波尔克（英语：Willis Polk）（建造）; Felix Passot（室内设计）; 阿希尔·杜舍纳（英语：Achille Duchêne）（园景）;
翻新团队
建筑翻新商	Doug Wilson
其他设计师	马利欧·布阿塔（英语：Mario Buatta）（室内设计）
其他信息
房间数	98
	Carolands
	美国国家史迹名录
NRHP编号	75000478
NRHP收录	1975年10月21日
加利福尼亚州历史地标（英语：California Historical Landmark）
官方名称	Carolands
评定时间	1975年5月9日
参考编码	886
网站
	carolands.org

卡罗兰城堡（英语：Carolands Chateau）是一栋位于美国加州希尔斯伯勒的豪宅，居住面积46,050平方英尺（4,278平方米），高4.5层楼，有98个房间，占地5.83英亩（2.36公顷）。该建筑是美国文艺复兴（英语：American Renaissance）和美术学院派建筑的典范，也是加州历史地标（英语：California Historical Landmark），并被列入美国国家史迹名录。镀金时代建筑的豪宅包括范德比尔特家族的大理石屋、比特摩尔庄园和听涛山庄，以及加州的费罗丽庄园和汉庭顿家族的豪宅，此建筑是该时代最后建造的豪宅之一。

历史

哈莉特·普尔曼·卡罗兰

此豪宅由哈莉特·普尔曼·卡罗兰（Harriett Pullman Carolan，1869-1956年）出资建造，她是工业家乔治·普尔曼的女儿。乔治是普尔曼公司（英语：Pullman Company）的创始人，该公司以出产豪华的铁路车厢而闻名。1892年，哈莉特·普尔曼在芝加哥与来自旧金山的弗朗西斯·卡罗兰（Francis Carolan）结婚，随他迁居加州。1912年，她在希尔斯伯勒选择了当地最高处，购买了554英亩（224公顷）的土地，可以俯瞰旧金山湾和周围山脉的景色。她计划在这片土地上建造一座花园住宅，能引起“美国的惊奇和钦佩”，且展现她精致高雅的品味。结果是受路易十四宫廷风（英语：Louis XIV style）启发的美术学院派建筑杰作。^[20]

建筑师

哈莉特委托当时法国最著名的住宅设计师欧奈斯特·桑森设计这座豪宅。桑森是一位古典主义者，他对城堡外观的设计灵感来自于17世纪弗朗索瓦·芒萨尔的设计。桑森当时已经七十六岁，从未到过加州工地。哈莉特聘请了旧金山著名建筑师威利斯·波尔克（英语：Willis Polk）担任结构设计师和施工经理，指示他忠实地执行桑森的设计。

花园由法国著名景观设计师阿希尔·杜舍纳（英语：Achille Duchêne）设计。杜舍纳的作品灵感源自17世纪的景观设计大师安德烈·勒诺特尔的作品，其成名作包括凡尔赛宫、沃子爵城堡和杜乐丽花园的花园。杜舍纳最初的设计雄心勃勃，规划了数英里长的道路，穿过广阔的土地，种植数千棵灌木和树木，间以喷泉和雕像。结果该设计只有一小部分建成。

凶案

该豪宅是一起奸杀案的现场。该豪宅于1985年并不对外开放，但守卫大卫·艾伦·雷利（英语：David Allen Raley）有时偷偷带人参观。1985年2月5日，两位高中生想要参观该豪宅，雷利让她们进门后强奸了两人，再砍了她们数十刀。Jeanine Grinsell因此死亡，而Laurie McKenna幸存。^[22]^[23]

图集

波尔多沙龙（1974年）

2013年修复后

外观

城堡北侧；右方可见城堡西侧的圆顶（2013年）
从花园看城堡西侧（2013年）
城堡南侧可见门廊（2013年）
从玫瑰园露台看城堡（2013年）
门廊内部

花园

Carolands Chateau- South Front Garden view -2013
Carolands Chateau- Garden view West from Bordeaux Salon 2013
Carolands Chateau- West Garden and fountains from Harriett's Bedroom balcony 2013
Carolands Chateau- Duchêne Border Parterre 2013
Carolands Chateau- Entry Courtyard view across Gardens 2013
西露台和狮身人面像

内部

修复后的大楼梯
上层画廊和主楼梯

影视作品

1982年时，该豪宅被用来偷拍成人电影All American Girls，这是该豪宅内部现存最早的影片。^[24]该片于1984年获得成人影带新闻奖三项提名，并获得最佳摄影奖。^[25]

In 2006 a feature-length documentary, Three Women and a Chateau, which tells the nearly 100-year history of Carolands, premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival and was featured in seven other film festivals, winning Best Documentary (Grand Jury Award) at the Rhode Island International Film Festival.^{[来源请求]}^[26]

The Heiress and Her Chateau: Carolands of California, a one-hour documentary about the chateau, first premiered January 19, 2014 on KQED-TV, and the following year was broadcast nationally on PBS. It was nominated for two Emmy Awards: Outstanding Achievement – Cultural/Historical Documentary and Outstanding Achievement - Writer. Both documentaries were made by Luna Productions.

References

Notes

^ Lacy-Thompson, Tony. A visit to the Downton Abbey of the San Francisco Peninsula. Regarding Arts. 19 January 2014 [19 March 2015].
^ Skurman, Andrew. American Landmark — Book Review: Carolands. Period Homes. July 2007, 8 (4) [19 March 2015].
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 引用错误：没有为名为NRHP的参考文献提供内容
^ Silver and Gold Fittings Offered. Spokane Daily Chronicle. AP. 24 January 1950 [19 March 2015].
^ There is a doctor in the 110 room house. The Milwaukee Journal. 27 January 1976 [19 March 2015].
^ Chateau Option Dropped (PDF). The Times (San Mateo). 6 February 1976: 10 [20 March 2015].
^ Hillsborough's Carolands Sold To Woman Investor. Santa Cruz Sentinel. 9 April 1976 [20 March 2015].
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 引用错误：没有为名为HouseHill的参考文献提供内容
^ A California developer has offered $47.2 million for properties .... UPI. 29 December 1983 [20 March 2015].
^ Pasta heir defends self in tax case. The Bend Bulletin. 18 September 1991 [19 March 2015].
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Lew, Julie. A Mansion Is Restored And Opens As Exhibit. the New York Times. 19 September 1991 [19 March 2015].
^ Carolands chateau rescued by scion of chocolate fortune. Preservation News. December 1986 [19 March 2015].
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Wilson, Marshall. Preserving A Landmark Mansion. San Francisco Chronicle. 28 February 1997 [19 March 2015].
^ Newsletter. California Heritage Council. May 2009 [19 March 2015].
^ Developer to Buy Carolands Chateau. San Francisco Chronicle. 25 January 1997 [19 March 2015].
^ King, Dale; Hebert, Julia. America's Downton Abbey: Chateau Carolands. South Florida Opulence. Summer 2014 [20 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于17 August 2014）.
^ Michelson, Alan. PCAD id 9688. Pacific Coast Architecture Database. 2015 [19 March 2015].
^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2006-03-15.
^ Carolands. Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. [2012-10-14].
^ History. Carolands Foundation.
^ https://www.hillsborough.net/341/Carolands-Gatehouse
^ People v. Raley, 830 P. 2d 712 - Cal: Supreme Court 1992 –通过Google Scholar.
^ https://www.sfgate.com/sfhistory/article/california-gilded-age-mansion-carolands-17441886.php
^ YouTube上的Carolands Featured in 1982 Film
^ All American Girls (1982) - Awards –通过IMDb.
^ The Heiress and Her Chateau, a PBS documentary. lunaproductions.com. [2019-09-06].

Bibliography

California Department of Parks and Recreation, California Historical Landmarks (1981)
California State Historic Building Code, California Senate Bill no. 2321, September, 1984
C. Michael Hogan, Steven Wanat et al., Environmental Impact Report for the Proposed Nine Unit Subdivision at 565 Remillard Drive (Carolands Chateau Site), Hillsborough, prepared for the town of Hillsborough by Earth Metrics Inc, Burlingame, California, January 15, 1986
Chet Rhodes, The Doomed Chateau, San Francisco Chronicle, July, 1985
John Horgan, Carolands Chateau may be Razed, Peninsula Times, June, 1985
Dwyer, Michael Middleton; Hales, Mick (Photographer). Carolands: Ernest Sanson, Achille Duchêne, Willis Polk. Redwood City: San Mateo County Historical Association and Institute of Classical Architecture & Art. 2006 [19 March 2015]. ISBN 978-0-9785259-0-3. OCLC 77238885.
Masson, Kathryn; Glomb, David (Photographer). California Splendor. New York: Rizzoli. 2013 [19 March 2015]. ISBN 978-0-8478-3965-0. OCLC 823046128.
Buatta, Mario; Eerdmans, Emily; Rense, Paige. Mario Buatta: Fifty Years of American Interior Decoration. New York: Rizzoli. 2013 [19 March 2015]. ISBN 978-0-8478-4072-4. OCLC 832278609.
Seymour, Ann; Hutcheson, Jack (Photographer). Deck the Halls. Gentry (Menlo Park: 18 Media). December 2008: 112–123 [20 March 2015]. ISSN 1545-7664. （原始内容 (Requires Adobe Flash Player)存档于March 4, 2016）.
D'Oench, Nancy; Martin, Bonny; Hales, Mick (Photographer). Gardens private & personal: A Garden Club of America Book. New York: Abrams. 2008. ISBN 978-0810972803. OCLC 183162315.
Bissell, Therese; Hales, Mick (Photographer). Romancing History. Architectural Digest. 20 December 2006 [20 March 2015].
Kho, Nancy Davis. Hillsborough's Downton Abbey. San Francisco Chronicle. 18 January 2014 [19 March 2015].

External links

官方网站
The Carolands at the National Register of Historic Places
Library of Congress Historical American Buildings Survey
San Mateo County – Property Summary
Web page for Emmy nominated PBS documentary on Chateau Carolands, "The Heiress and Her Chateau"

[Lacy-Thompson-1] Lacy-Thompson, Tony. A visit to the Downton Abbey of the San Francisco Peninsula. Regarding Arts. 19 January 2014 [19 March 2015].

[2] Skurman, Andrew. American Landmark — Book Review: Carolands. Period Homes. July 2007, 8 (4) [19 March 2015].

[NRHP-3] 3.0 ^3.1 引用错误：没有为名为NRHP的参考文献提供内容

[1950demo-4] Silver and Gold Fittings Offered. Spokane Daily Chronicle. AP. 24 January 1950 [19 March 2015].

[Dr76-5] There is a doctor in the 110 room house. The Milwaukee Journal. 27 January 1976 [19 March 2015].

[dropped-6] Chateau Option Dropped (PDF). The Times (San Mateo). 6 February 1976: 10 [20 March 2015].

[SC76-7] Hillsborough's Carolands Sold To Woman Investor. Santa Cruz Sentinel. 9 April 1976 [20 March 2015].

[HouseHill-8] 8.0 ^8.1 引用错误：没有为名为HouseHill的参考文献提供内容

[UPI83-9] A California developer has offered $47.2 million for properties .... UPI. 29 December 1983 [20 March 2015].

[10] Pasta heir defends self in tax case. The Bend Bulletin. 18 September 1991 [19 March 2015].

[NYT91-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Lew, Julie. A Mansion Is Restored And Opens As Exhibit. the New York Times. 19 September 1991 [19 March 2015].

[86rescue-12] Carolands chateau rescued by scion of chocolate fortune. Preservation News. December 1986 [19 March 2015].

[preserve-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Wilson, Marshall. Preserving A Landmark Mansion. San Francisco Chronicle. 28 February 1997 [19 March 2015].

[14] Newsletter. California Heritage Council. May 2009 [19 March 2015].

[15] Developer to Buy Carolands Chateau. San Francisco Chronicle. 25 January 1997 [19 March 2015].

[16] King, Dale; Hebert, Julia. America's Downton Abbey: Chateau Carolands. South Florida Opulence. Summer 2014 [20 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于17 August 2014）.

[17] Michelson, Alan. PCAD id 9688. Pacific Coast Architecture Database. 2015 [19 March 2015].

[nris-18] National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2006-03-15.

[CHL-19] Carolands. Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. [2012-10-14].

[20] History. Carolands Foundation.

[21] ttps://www.hillsborough.net/341/Carolands-Gatehouse

[22] People v. Raley, 830 P. 2d 712 - Cal: Supreme Court 1992 –通过Google Scholar.

[23] ttps://www.sfgate.com/sfhistory/article/california-gilded-age-mansion-carolands-17441886.php

[24] YouTube上的Carolands Featured in 1982 Film

[25] All American Girls (1982) - Awards –通过IMDb.

[26] The Heiress and Her Chateau, a PBS documentary. lunaproductions.com. [2019-09-06].

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历史