恒星之书
此条目翻译品质不佳。 (2018年5月17日) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Al_Sufi_-_Book_of_Fixed_Stars_-_Ursa_Major_%28The_Great_Bear%29_-_Bodleian_Library_-_Marsh_144.jpg/220px-Al_Sufi_-_Book_of_Fixed_Stars_-_Ursa_Major_%28The_Great_Bear%29_-_Bodleian_Library_-_Marsh_144.jpg)
恒星之书(阿拉伯语:كتاب صور الكواكبkitab suwar al-kawakib)是天文学家阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼·苏菲于公元964年撰写的书[1]。虽然作者是波斯人,但这本书是用阿拉伯文书写。他试图将托勒密的《天文学大成》(第七册和第八册)和阿拉伯传统天文学原本的星座综合成星表。
这本书详细说明和叙述对恒星的观察,它们的位置(从托勒密的《天文学大成》复制过来,而因为岁差的缘故,经度增加了12° 42')、星等(亮度)和颜色。如同托勒密的天文学大成是以星座,他的研究结果也是以星座来呈现。对每一个星座,他提供了两个图形,一张是从内向外观看天球,另一张是从外向内观看天球。
这项工作有很大的影响力,因而有许多手稿和翻译本幸存下来。现存最古老的手稿保存在博德利图书馆,并且是作者儿子在1009年的手稿。在大英图书馆中有一份13世纪的复制品。
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Unknown%2C_Iraq_-_The_Book_of_Fixed_Stars_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Unknown%2C_Iraq_-_The_Book_of_Fixed_Stars_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg)
他所描述的小云,实际上是对仙女座星系最早的描述和插画。他把它说成是躺在一条大鱼的嘴前,这是一个阿拉伯的星座。很可能在905年之前,伊斯法罕的天文学家就都已经熟知这朵"云"的存在[2]。 大小麦哲伦星云最早的纪录,也出自"恒星之书" [3][4]。这些都是在银河系之外最早从地球观察到的星系。他观察到的仙女座大星系也是第一个真正不同于星团的星云。[5]。
他可能还将船帆座o星团归类为"朦胧之星",此外还有狐狸座的"模糊物件",现在被称为苏菲的星团、"衣架星群"、布洛契星团或Collinder 399[5]。此外,他提到了两个麦哲伦云,而它们从伊拉克与内志看不到,但从帖哈麦可以看见;而且它们被称为"母牛"(al-Baqar)。
这本书没有发表过英文的译本,但在1874年被Hans Schjellerup译成法文[6]。迄2012年3月,澳洲唐斯维詹姆士库克大学的Ihsan Hafez在筹备中[7]。
版本
[编辑]- Text and French translation of Ṣūfī's introduction by J. J. A. Caussin de Perceval in Notices et extraits des manuscrits XII, Paris, 1831, pp. 236f.
- H.C.F.C. Schjellerup, Description des étoiles fixes par Abd-al-Rahman al-Sûfi (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), St. Petersburg, 1874. Complete French translation from two late mss., with selected portions in Arabic.
- Ketāb ṣowar al-kawākeb al-ṯābeta, edited from five mss., and accompanied by the Orǰūza of Ebn al-Ṣūfī, Hyderabad, India, 1954 (introduction by H. J. J. Winter).
- Facsimile edition of the Persian translation by Naṣīr-al-dīn Ṭūsī (Ayasofya 2595, autograph, from Uluḡ Beg’s library), Tehran, 1348 Š./1969.
- Critical edition of Ṭūsī's translation by Sayyed Moʿezz-al-dīn Mahdavī, Tehran, 1351 Š./1972.
- The star nomenclature of the Castilian version, and of an Italian translation made from Castilian, was critically edited by O. J. Tallgren, "Los nombres árabes de las estrelas y la transcripción alfonsina", in Homenaje a R. Menéndez Pidal II, Madrid, 1925, with 'Correcciones y adiciones' in Revista de filología española 12, 1925, pp. 52f.
- The Italian translation was edited by P. Knecht, I libri astronomici di Alfonso X in una versione fiorentina del trecento, Saragossa, 1965.
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ صور الكواكب or Book of the constellations, or fixed stars Library of Congress. World Digital Library.
- ^ Kepple, George Robert; Glen W. Sanner. The Night Sky Observer's Guide, Volume 1. Willmann-Bell, Inc. 1998: 18. ISBN 0-943396-58-1.
- ^ Observatoire de Paris (Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi). [2007-04-19]. (原始内容存档于2007-04-16).
- ^ Observatoire de Paris (LMC). [2007-04-19]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-22).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Kenneth Glyn Jones, Messier's nebulae and star clusters, Cambridge University Press: 1, 1991, ISBN 0-521-37079-5
- ^ Hafez, Ihsan; Stephenson, F. Richard; Orchiston, Wayne. Άbdul-Ramān al-Şūfī and his Book of the Fixed Stars: a journey of re-discovery. Orchiston, Wayne (编). Highlighting the history of astronomy in the Asia-Pacific region: proceedings of the ICOA-6 conference. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. New York: Springer. 2011: 121–138. ISBN 978-1-4419-8161-5.
- ^ O'Brien, Jim. JCU researcher seeks inspiration in the stars. News and Media. Townsville, Queensland: James Cook University. 15 March 2012 [8 July 2012]. (原始内容存档于26 November 2012).
- Paul Kunitzsch, The Arabs and the Stars: Texts and Traditions on the Fixed Stars, and Their Influence in Medieval Europe (Variorum Reprint, Cs307)
- Paul Kunitzsch, Arabische Sternnamen in Europa, Wiesbaden, 1959, pp. 230f.
- Paul Kunitzsch, "Ṣūfī Latinus", Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländische Gesellschaft, 115, 1965, pp. 65–74.
- Paul Kunitzsch, "Al-Ṣūfī" in: Dictionary of Scientific Biography, XIII, New York, 1976, pp. 149–50.
- J. Upton, "A Manuscript of “The Book of the Fixed Stars” by ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān aṣ-Ṣūfī", Metropolitan Museum Studies, 4, 1933, pp. 179–97.
- E. Wellesz, An Islamic Book of Constellations, Oxford, 1965.
- H. J. J. Winter, "Notes on al-Kitab Suwar Al-Kawakib", Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences, 8, 1955, pp. 126–33.
外部链接
[编辑]- Bodleian copy of Suwar al-Kawakib al-Thabitah (Book of fixed Stars) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Biography of Al Sufi (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Copy (dated c. 1730) of al-Sufi's Book of the Fixed Stars (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Ulugh Beg in www.atlascoelestis.com (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Liber locis stellarum fixarum, 964, manoscritto del 1417 riprodotto il 1730 in www.atlascoelestis.com (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Pergamenthandschrift M II 141 in www.atlascoelestis.com (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- A page about Muslim Astronomers (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Al-Sufi's constellations (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Al-Ṣūfī’s Book of the Constellations of the Fixed Stars and its Influence on Islamic and Western Celestial Cartography (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - includes a detailed bibliography and a list of all known manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī’s Book of the Fixed Stars.
- Illustrations from Book of Fixed Stars (Kitāb suwar al-kawākib al-ṯābita) by ‛Abd al-Rahman ibn ‛Umar al-Ṣūfī. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Moya Carey, Painting the Stars in a Century of Change: A thirteenth-century copy of al-Sufi's "Treatise on the Fixed Stars" - British Library Or.5323 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)