阿拉姆字母
外观
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阿拉姆字母 | |
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类型 | |
使用时期 | 公元前800年到公元600年 |
书写方向 | 从右至左书写 ![]() |
语言 | 阿拉姆语、希伯来语、叙利亚语、曼达语等 |
相关书写体系 | |
父体系 | |
子体系 | |
Unicode | |
范围 | U+10840至U+1085F(帝国阿拉姆字母) |
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阿拉姆字母(Aramaic alphabet),又称阿拉米字母、阿拉美字母、亚兰字母,是一种源自北方闪米特字母的辅音音素文字(abjad),通行于今日叙利亚以东的西亚地区。阿拉姆字母主要用来书写阿拉姆语。现存的阿拉姆字母碑文都在公元前9世纪到前7世纪,大约在公元前8世纪开始与腓尼基字母分化,直到公元前331年波斯帝国瓦解后,开始分化成西亚地区的各种文字,包括今日的希伯来字母都是源于阿拉姆字母。
字母
[编辑]字母名称 | 亚拉姆语所用字母 | IPA | 等价 | ||||||||||||
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叙利亚字母 | 帝国阿拉米字母 | 希伯来字母 | 马卢拉阿拉米字母 | 腓尼基字母 | 阿拉伯字母 | 婆罗米字母 | 纳巴泰字母 | 佉卢字母 | 古突厥字母 | 吉兹字母 | |||||
图像 | 文字 | 图像 | 文字 | ||||||||||||
Ālap | ![]() |
ܐ | ![]() |
𐡀 | /ʔ/; /aː/, /eː/ | א | ![]() |
𐤀 | ا | ![]() |
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𐰁 | አ | |
Bēth | ![]() |
ܒ | ![]() |
𐡁 | /b/, /β/ | ב | ![]() |
𐤁 | ب | ![]() |
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𐰉 | በ | |
Gāmal | ![]() |
ܓ | ![]() |
𐡂 | /ɡ/, /ɣ/ | ג | ![]() |
𐤂 | ج | ![]() |
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𐰏 | ገ | |
Dālath | ![]() |
ܕ | ![]() |
𐡃 | /d/, /ð/ | ד | ![]() |
𐤃 | د ذ | ![]() |
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𐰒 | ደ ዳ | |
Hē | ![]() |
ܗ | ![]() |
𐡄 | /ɦ/ | ה | ![]() |
𐤄 | ه | ![]() |
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𐰜 | ኸ | |
Waw | ![]() |
ܘ | ![]() |
𐡅 | /w/; /oː/, /uː/ | ו | ![]() |
𐤅 | و | ![]() |
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𐰈 | ወ ዋ | |
Zain | ![]() |
ܙ | ![]() |
𐡆 | /z/ | ז | ![]() |
𐤆 | ز | ![]() |
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𐰕 | ዘ ዠ | |
Ḥēth | ![]() |
ܚ | ![]() |
𐡇 | /ʜ/ /χ/ | ח | ![]() |
𐤇 | ح خ | ![]() |
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𐰴 | ሀ ኀ | |
Ṭēth | ![]() |
ܛ | ![]() |
𐡈 | /tˤ/ | ט | ![]() |
𐤈 | ط ظ | ![]() |
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𐰓 | ተ ፀ | |
Yodh | ![]() |
ܝ | ![]() |
𐡉 | /j/; /iː/, /eː/ | י | ![]() |
𐤉 | ي | ![]() |
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𐰘 | የ | |
Kāp | ![]() |
ܟ | ![]() |
𐡊 | /k/, /x/ | כ ך | ![]() ![]() |
𐤊 | ك | ![]() |
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𐰚 | ከ | |
Lāmadh | ![]() |
ܠ | ![]() |
𐡋 | /l/ | ל | ![]() |
𐤋 | ل | ![]() |
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𐰞 | ለ ላ | |
Mem | ![]() |
ܡ | ![]() |
𐡌 | /m/ | מ ם | ![]() ![]() |
𐤌 | م | ![]() |
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𐰢 | መ | |
Nun | ![]() |
ܢ | ![]() |
𐡍 | /n/ | נ ן | ![]() ![]() |
𐤍 | ن | ![]() |
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𐰤 | ነ | |
Semkath | ![]() |
ܣ | ![]() |
𐡎 | /s/ | ס | ![]() |
𐤎 | س | ![]() |
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𐰾 | ሠ | |
ʿĒ | ![]() |
ܥ | ![]() |
𐡏 | /ʢ/ /ʁ/ | ע | ![]() |
𐤏 | ع غ | ![]() |
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𐰠⸲𐰭 | ዐ | |
Pē | ![]() |
ܦ | ![]() |
𐡐 | /p/, /ɸ/ | פ ף | ![]() ![]() |
𐤐 | ف | ![]() |
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𐰯 | ፈ | |
Ṣādhē | ![]() |
ܨ | ![]() ![]() |
𐡑 | /sˤ/ | צ ץ | ![]() ![]() |
𐤑 | ص ض | ![]() |
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𐰽 | ሰ | |
Qop | ![]() |
ܩ | ![]() |
𐡒 | /qˤ/ | ק | ![]() |
𐤒 | ق | ![]() |
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𐰵 | ቀ | |
Rēsh | ![]() |
ܪ | ![]() |
𐡓 | /r/ | ר | ![]() |
𐤓 | ر | ![]() |
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𐰺 | ረ | |
Shin | ![]() |
ܫ | ![]() |
𐡔 | /ʃ/ | ש | ![]() |
𐤔 | ش | ![]() |
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𐱂 | ሠ ሸ | |
Taw | ![]() |
ܬ | ![]() |
𐡕 | /t/, /θ/ | ת | ![]() |
𐤕 | ت ث | ![]() |
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𐱅 | ጠ ፀ |
Unicode
[编辑]帝国阿拉姆字母 Imperial Aramaic[1][2] Unicode Consortium 官方码表(PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+1084x | 𐡀 | 𐡁 | 𐡂 | 𐡃 | 𐡄 | 𐡅 | 𐡆 | 𐡇 | 𐡈 | 𐡉 | 𐡊 | 𐡋 | 𐡌 | 𐡍 | 𐡎 | 𐡏 |
U+1085x | 𐡐 | 𐡑 | 𐡒 | 𐡓 | 𐡔 | 𐡕 | 𐡗 | 𐡘 | 𐡙 | 𐡚 | 𐡛 | 𐡜 | 𐡝 | 𐡞 | 𐡟 | |
注释 |
参考
[编辑]- Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. The World's Writing Systems Oxford. (1996)
- Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)
- 周有光,(1997年),《世界文字发展史》,ISBN 7-5320-4906-X
- Byrne, Ryan. “Middle Aramaic Scripts.” Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. (2006)
- Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. The World's Writing Systems. Oxford. (1996)
- Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World. Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)
- Rudder, Joshua. Learn to Write Aramaic: A Step-by-Step Approach to the Historical & Modern Scripts. n.p.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011. 220 pp. ISBN 978-1461021421 Includes a wide variety of Aramaic scripts.
- Ancient Hebrew and Aramaic on Coins, reading and transliterating Proto-Hebrew, online edition. (Judaea Coin Archive)
外部链接
[编辑]- Comparison of Aramaic to related alphabets (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- The Aramaic and Hebrew Alphabet (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Omniglot entry (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)