資訊經濟學
外觀
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資訊經濟學(英語:Information economics),個體經濟學中的分支。由美國經濟學家喬治·斯蒂格勒在1961年率先提出,他個人認為:產品資訊的內容會對經濟活動及消費者購買決策產生某部份的影響。
我們以最基本的產品價格資訊來看,市場上各家零售商對產品的價格不一,所以消費者為了追求最便宜的價格,會逐一比較各家的價格,以得出一個最低價格,而這個比價的動作我們稱為「搜尋」。消費者搜尋時,勢必會額外付出較多的時間及精力,因此消費者不會無限制的搜尋,而是到消費成本超過所預期獲得的利益(指最低價格的價差)時就會停止下來。當然消費者在進行搜尋的動作時,會付出額外的時間、精力及金錢,當消費者搜尋到一個程度時,我們稱為「邊際成本=期望邊際效益」,這時消費者就不再繼續搜尋。搜尋過程的成本支出,對應所得到的資訊,檢測是否符合降低採購風險,提升採購的正確性,這就叫做「效益」,而邊際成本=期望邊際效益則就是成本效益的損益平衡點。
參見
[編輯]參考文獻
[編輯]- Akerlof, George (1970). The Market for 'Lemons': Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), pp. 488-500. Cached copy.
- Birchler, Urs, and Monika Bütler (2007). Information Economics. London, Routledge. ISBN 978-0415373463. Description (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) and chapter-arrow-page links, pp. vii (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)-xi. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Lippman, S. S., and J. J. McCall (2001). "Information, Economics of," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 7480-7486. Abstract.
- Maasoumi, Esfandiar (1987). "Information theory," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, pp. 846-51.
- Mas-Colell, Andreu; Michael D. Whinston, and Jerry R. Green (1995), Microeconomic Theory. Oxford University Press. Chapters 13 and 14 discuss applications of adverse selection and moral hazard models to contract theory.
- The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (2008). 2nd Edition, selected entries:
- Bubbles" by Markus K. Brunnermeier Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "Epistemic game theory: incomplete information" by Aviad Heifetz. Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "Information aggregation and prices" by James Jordan. Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "Information cascades," by , Sushil Bikhchandani, David Hirshleifer and Ivo Welch. Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "Information sharing among firms" by Xavier Vives.Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "Information technology and the world economy" by Dale W. Jorgenson and Khuong Vu. Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "Insider trading." by Andrew Metrick. Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "Learning and information aggregation in networks" by Douglas Gale and Shachar Kariv. Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "Monetary business cycles (imperfect information)" by Christian Hellwig. Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "Social networks in labour markets" by Antoni Calvó-Armengol and Yannis M. Ioannides. Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- "Prediction markets" by Justin Wolfers and Eric Zitzewitz.Abstract. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Pissarides, C. A. (2001). "Search, Economics of," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 13760-13768. Abstract.
- Shapiro, Carl, and Hal R. Varian (1999). Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Harvard University Press. (publisher's excerpts)
- Spence, Michael A. (1973). "Job Market Signaling," Quarterly Journal of Economics 83(3) , pp. 355-377.
- Stigler, George J. (1961). 「The Economics of Information,」 Journal of Political Economy, 69(3), pp. 213-225.
- Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2000). "The Contributions of the Economics of Information to Twentieth Century Economics," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(4) , pp. 1441-1478.[1]
- Theil, Henri (1967). Econonomics and Information Theory. Amsterdam, North Holland.
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