定式
外观
围棋 |
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游戏详述 |
历史与文化 |
棋手与棋手组织 |
计算机与数学 |
定式,又稱定石,一般是指圍棋中,經過棋手們長久以來的經驗累積,而形成在某些情況下雙方都會依循的固定下法。一般通常發生在佈局階段的角落地區,但有些在中盤時的某些固定下法,也被稱作中盤定式。圍棋定式的總數在一萬種以上且仍不斷增加中,但常用的僅約數百種,而且隨著各時代對圍棋的見解不同,舊定式也有被修正的可能。
AlphaGo Zero推出之后,旧有的定式被大幅度[註 1]淘汰。
除了圍棋之外,五子棋中的固定下法也稱作定式。
圍棋定式的作用
[编辑]由於定式是一種讓下棋雙方各不吃虧的下法,因此在水準較高的對弈中,若一方未按照定式的下法下棋,很可能馬上就被另一方趁機佔得優勢。但在水準較低的對弈中,若雙方對於定式變化的掌握不足,則未按定式下的一方反而有得利的可能。此外,在超水準的職業棋士棋賽中,部分棋手也可能不按照定式下棋,藉以出奇致勝,但受損失的風險也很大,有時甚至因此而發展出新的定式。
定式的運用並非一成不變,通常在定式進行的過程中,雙方都會各自有一些選擇不同定式的機會,因為定式雖然是雙方都不吃虧的下法,但這僅是就局部角落的情形而言,若配合棋盤上其他部分的局勢來看,選擇不同的定式便會對雙方有不同的優劣利弊,因此學習一個定式的時候,不僅要記下法順序,也要了解其適合使用的使用時機。
圍棋定式的種類
[编辑]定式的發生,通常是在一方先佔角,另一方掛角之後產生的,依照先佔角一方所佔的位置,分成
- 小目定式:日本圍棋廢除座子製後的傳統研究方向,定式種類最多,發展最繁複
- 星位定式:數量僅次於小目定式,由零知識自博弈AI重新興起研究,開局應用頻率超過小目。
- 目外定式:罕見
- 高目定式:罕見
- 三三定式:數量不多
- 目外定式若掛在小目,則還原成小目低掛脫先的定式。高目定式若掛在小目,則還原成小目高掛脫先的定式。
以及非在角上發生的:
- 中盤定式:在布局過後,常見的棋型而衍伸出來的下法
一些比較有名的定式
[编辑]圖
[编辑]星位低掛(小飛掛)
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小飛應
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單關應
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一間低夾
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一間高夾
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二間高夾
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三間高夾
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尖頂
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壓
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點三三
小目低掛
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側飛/側小飛
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尖頂
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夾
小目高掛
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靠
基本定式
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注释
[编辑]- ^ 据估计至少90%.
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