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櫛蟲目

維基百科,自由的百科全書

櫛蟲目
化石時期:中寒武紀至志留紀
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 節肢動物門 Arthropoda
(未分級) 類肢類 Artiopoda
綱: 三葉蟲綱 Trilobita
目: 櫛蟲目 Asaphida
Fortey & Chatterton, 1988
總科

櫛蟲目學名Asaphida)是三葉蟲綱下一個體型較大,具備多樣性的。其化石分佈於古生代寒武紀中期至志留紀之間的地層。櫛蟲目三葉蟲的部(cephalon)與部(pygidium)通常大小相近,且多數品種外型扁平,胸節數量通常為5至12節,然而某些品種卻僅有2個胸節,亦有多達30節的品種[1]

古生物學家推測,奧陶紀中期時,目前俄羅斯聖彼得堡附近地區為一內陸,此內陸海之水質混濁[2]。使得某些櫛蟲目三葉蟲演化出長眼柄,照片中的 Asaphus kowalewski 即是一個實例。

下列是櫛蟲目下的各科: [3]

Anomocaroidea
Asaphoidea
  • Asaphidae [4]
    • Anataphrus Whittington, 1954
    • Asaphellus Callaway, 1877
      • Asaphellus artus Robison & Pantoja-Alor, 1968
      • Asaphellus aspinus Robison & Pantoja-Alor, 1968
      • Asaphellus catamarcensis Kobayashi, 1935
      • Asaphellus charoenmiti[5]
      • Asaphellus clarksoni Tortello & Esteban, 2016
      • Asaphellus communis Robison & Pantoja-Alor, 1968
      • Asaphellus homfrayi (Salter, 1866)
      • Asaphellus isabelae Meroi Arcerito, Waisfeld & Balseiro, 2015
      • Asaphellus jujuanus Harrington, 1937
      • Asaphellus nazarenensis Tortello & Esteban, 2014
      • Asaphellus riojanus Harrington & Leanza, 1957
      • Asaphellus trinodosus Chang, 1949
    • Asaphus Brongniart, 1822
    • Atopasaphus Shergold, 1971
    • Aulacoparia Hintze & Jaanusson, 1956
    • Australopyge Harrington & Leanza, 1957
    • Basilicus Salter, 1849
    • Basiliella Kobayashi, 1934
    • Basiliscus Zittel, 1885
    • Bellefontia Walcott, 1924
    • Birmanites Sheng, 1934
    • Blainia Walcott, 1916
    • Bohemopyge Pribyl, 1951
    • Borogothus Tjernvik, 1956
    • Brachyaspis Boulenger, 1896
    • Brachyaspis Salter, 1866
    • Branisaspis Pribyl & Vanek, 1980
    • Burminresia Laurie, 1996
    • Charchaquia
    • Coriotela Burks & Heraty, 2020
    • Daketia Luo, Zhou, Hu, Zhan & Lu, 2014
    • Damiraspis Ghobadi Pour, Popov & Vinogradova, 2009
    • Dolerasaphus Harrington & Leanza, 1957
    • Dolerobasilicus Harrington & Leanza, 1942
    • Dolerobasilicus Kobayashi, 1934
    • Ectenaspis Raymond, 1920
    • Eisarkaspis Laurie, 2006
    • Emanuelaspis Laurie, 1996
    • Eoasaphus Kobayashi, 1936
    • Eoisotelus Wang, 1938
    • Farasaphus Ghobadi Pour, Popov & Vinogradova, 2009
    • Fuyunia Hsiang & Zhang, 1981
    • Gerasaphes Clarke, 1894
    • Gog Fortey, 1975
    • Gogiura Rosova, 1985
    • Golasaphus Shergold, 1971
    • Griphasaphus Öpik, 1967
    • Guohongjunia Zhang, 1999
    • Hemigyraspis Raymond, 1910
    • Hoekaspis Kobayashi, 1937
    • Homalopyge Jaanusson, 1956
    • Homotelus Raymond, 1920
    • Hunnebergia Tjernvik, 1956
    • Isabelinia Rabano, 1989
    • Isoteloides Raymond, 1910
    • Isotelus De Kay, 1824
    • Isyrakopeltis Rosova, 1985
    • Kainisiniella Baldis & González, 1987
    • Kayseraspis Harrington, 1938
    • Kierarges Corbacho, 2014
    • Kirkella Kobayashi, 1942
    • Klabavia Pribyl & Vanek, 1969
    • Kobayashia Harrington, 1938
    • Lachnostoma Ross, 1951
    • Lapidaria Tjernvik, 1956
    • Liomegalaspides Lu, 1975
    • Lisogorites Chugaeva, 1958
    • Lonchobasilicus Zhou, 1980
    • Lycophron Fortey & Shergold, 1984
    • Madiganaspis Laurie, 2006
    • Megalaspidella Kobayashi, 1937
    • Megalaspides Brögger, 1897
    • Megistaspis Jaanusson, 1956
    • Merlinia Fortey & Owens, 1978
    • Metaptychopyge Balashova, 1964
    • Metayuepingia Liu, 1977
    • Mioptychopyge Zhou, Dean, Yuan & Zhou, 1998
    • Nahannia
    • Neoasaphus Jaanusson, 1953
    • Neopeltis Zhang, 1983
    • Nerudaspis Pribyl & Vanek, 1965
    • Nileoides Raymond, 1920
    • Ningkianites Lu, 1975
    • Niobe Angelin, 1854
    • Niobella Reed, 1931
    • Niobides Harrington & Leanza, 1957
    • Niobina Lake, 1946
    • Nobiliasaphus Pribyl & Vanek, 1965
    • Norasaphus Fortey & Shergold, 1984
    • Norinia Troedsson, 1937
    • Notopeltis Harrington & Leanza, 1957
    • Ogmasaphus Jaanusson, 1953
    • Ogyginus
    • Ogygiocarella Harrington & Leanza, 1957
    • Ogygiocaris Angelin, 1854
    • Ogygiogaris
    • Ogygitella Harrington & Leanza, 1957
    • Ogygites Tromelin & Lebesconte, 1876
    • Ogygitoides Kobayashi, 1934
    • Onchometopus Schmidt, 1907
    • Opsimasaphus Kielan, 1960
    • Parabellefontia Hintze, 1953
    • Paramegalaspis Thoral, 1935
    • Paraptychopyge Balashova, 1964
    • Paratamdaspis Ergaliev, 2001
    • Penchiopsis Lu, 1976
    • Platypletis
    • Plectasaphus Jaanusson, 1953
    • Popovkiaspis Balashova, 1966
    • Presbynileus Hintze, 1954
    • Priceaspis Legg, 1976
    • Proasaphus Balashova, 1966
    • Promegalaspides Westergård, 1939
    • Protopresbynileus Hintze, 1954
    • Protoptychopyge Balashova, 1960
    • Proxiniobe Hoel, 1999
    • Pseudasaphus Schmidt, 1907
    • Pseudoasaphus Schmidt, 1904
    • Pseudobasilicus Reed, 1931
    • Pseudogriphasaphus Peng, 1992
    • Pseudogygites
    • Pseudomegalaspis
    • Pseudoptyocephalus Legg, 1976
    • Psilocephalina Hsü, 1948
    • Ptychocephalus Agassiz, 1843
    • Ptychopyge Angelin, 1854
    • Ptyocephalus Whittington, 1948
    • Sanbernardaspis Acenolaza, 1973
    • Stegnopsis
    • Stenorhachis
    • Suriaspis Acenolaza & Rabano, 1990
    • Tchukeraspis Rosova, 1985
    • Thysanopyge Kayser, 1898
    • Trigonocerca Ross, 1951
    • Trigonocercella Hintze, 1953
    • Valdaites Balashova, 1976
    • Vogdesia Raymond, 1911
    • Xenasaphus Jaanusson, 1953
    • Xenostegium Walcott, 1924
    • Zhenganites Yin, 1978
    • Zuninaspis Harrington & Leanza, 1957
  • Ceratopygidae
Trinucleioidea
Dikelocephaloidea
  • Dikelocephalidae
    • Anderssonella Kobayashi, 1936
      • Anderssonella undulata[6]
    • Berkeia Resser, 1937
    • Blandicephalus Palmer, 1955
    • Briscoia Walcott, 1924
    • Caznaia Shergold, 1975
      • Caznaia imsamuti[6]
    • Dikellacephalus Owen, 1851
    • Dikelocephalus Owen, 1852
    • Elkia Walcott, 1924
    • Eosaukia Lu, 1954
    • Galerosaukia Shergold, 1975
    • Hamashania Kobayashi, 1941
    • Kasachstanaspis Balashova, 1961
    • Lichengia Kobayashi, 1942
    • Lophoholcus Öpik, 1967
    • Menocephalus Owen, 1852
    • Monocheilus
    • Neoiranella Özdikmen, 2006
    • Osceolia Walcott, 1914
    • Pterocephalops Lin & Zhang, 1979
    • Pterocephalops Rasetti, 1944
    • Sinosaukia Sun, 1935
    • Stigmacephalus Resser, 1937
    • Stigmaspis Nelson, 1951
    • Walcottaspis Ulrich & Resser, 1930
  • Eurekiidae
    • Bandalaspis Ivshin, 1962
    • Bayfieldia Clark, 1924
    • Corbina
    • Corbinia Walcott, 1924
      • Corbinia perforata[6]
    • Eurekia Walcott, 1924
    • Maladia Rose, 1983
    • Tostonia Walcott, 1924
    • Wisarcadiaspis Westrop & Palmer, 2009
  • Loganellidae
  • Ptychaspididae
  • Saukiidae
    • Calvinella Walcott, 1914
    • Diemanosaukia Jago & Corbett, 1990
    • Linguisaukia Peng, 1984
    • Lophosaukia Shergold, 1971
      • Lophosaukia jiangnanensis Lu & Lin, 1983
      • Lophosaukia nuchanongi[6]
      • Lophosaukia rectangulata Ergaliev, 1980
      • Lophosaukia torquata Shergold, 1971
    • Mictosaukia Shergold, 1975
    • Prosaukia Ulrich & Resser, 1933
    • Pseudocalvinella
    • Saukia Walcott, 1914
    • Saukiella Ulrich & Resser, 1933
    • Stenosaukia Raymond, 1937
    • Suluderella Özdikmen, 2006
    • Tellerina Ulrich & Resser, 1933
Cyclopygoidea
Remopleuridoidea

參考資料

[編輯]
  1. ^ 存档副本. [2010-05-02]. (原始內容存檔於2011-01-06). 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2010-05-02]. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-28). 
  3. ^ S. M. Gon III. Order Asaphida. [November 21, 2010]. (原始內容存檔於2011-01-06). 
  4. ^ *Asaphidae頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館
  5. ^ Shelly J. Wernette, Nigel C. Hughes, Paul M. Myrow and Apsorn Sardsud. 2023. Trilobites of Thailand's Cambrian–Ordovician Tarutao Group and their geological setting. Papers in Palaeontology. DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1516
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Shelly J. Wernette, Nigel C. Hughes, Paul M. Myrow and Apsorn Sardsud. 2023. Trilobites of Thailand's Cambrian–Ordovician Tarutao Group and their geological setting. Papers in Palaeontology. DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1516