真有肺總目
外觀
真有肺總目![]() | |
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Cepaea hortensis | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
綱: | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
演化支: | 直腹足類 Orthogastropoda |
演化支: | 後生腹足類 Apogastropoda |
亞綱: | 異鰓亞綱 Heterobranchia |
下綱: | 直神經下綱 Euthyneura |
群: | 脊側群 Tectipleura |
亞群: | 泛有肺亞群 Panpulmonata |
總目: | 真有肺總目 Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber, 1990 |
總目[1] | |
真有肺類(學名:Eupulmonata),舊作真肺亞目,是軟體動物門腹足綱的一個演化支,皆為呼吸空氣的蝸牛和螺。當中大部分為在陸地生活的蝸牛和蛞蝓,但亦有在海中生活的螺。2017年的分類,本分類被劃為總目級分類單元,除新成立的耳螺目及跳過了泛有肺類支序以外,其他分類大體跟過往相去不遠[2]。
分類
[編輯]1997年分類
[編輯]在1997年的分類,真有肺類物種列為亞目級,屬於有肺目。詳細如下:
- 真有肺下目 Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber, 1990
- 海岸螺小目(Acteophila Dall, 1885,舊作Archaeopulmonata)
- Superfamily Melampoidea Stimpson, 1851
- 擬松螺小目(Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975)
- 擬松螺總科 Trimusculoidea Zilch, 1959
- 柄眼下目 Stylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1856 (land snails)
- 直尿道小目 Orthurethra
- 小瑪瑙螺超科(Achatinelloidea)
- 槲果螺超科(Cochlicopoidea)
- 帕圖螺超科(Partuloidea)
- 蛹蝸牛超科(Pupilloidea)
- 彎尿道小目 Sigmurethra
- Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
- 非洲大蝸牛總科 Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
- Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
- Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
- Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879
- Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895
- 煙管蝸牛總科 Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864
- Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
- Superfamily Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
- 旋蝸牛超科 Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
- Superfamily Limacoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
- Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
- Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
- 點螺超科 Punctoidea Morse, 1864
- Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
- Superfamily Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895
- Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931
- Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray, 1806
- Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926
- Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882
- Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864
- 直尿道小目 Orthurethra
- 海岸螺小目(Acteophila Dall, 1885,舊作Archaeopulmonata)
2005年分類
[編輯]根據2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,真有肺類成為了一個不分級的支序,包括下列物種[3]:
本支序之下除了有柄眼類和收眼類兩個支序以外,其他分類元還包括:
- 擬松螺總科 Trimusculoidea Zilch, 1959
- 擬松螺科 Trimusculidae Zilch, 1959
- Superfamily Otinoidea
- Family Otinidae
- Family Smeagolidae
- 耳螺總科 Ellobioidea(舊屬原始有肺目)
- 耳螺科 Ellobiidae
收眼類支序
[編輯]- 石磺總科 Onchidioidea Rafinesque, 1815
- 石磺科 Onchidiidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 皺足蛞蝓總科 Veronicelloidea Gray, 1840
柄眼類支序
[編輯]柄眼類包括有:
板顎類支序
[編輯]直尿道類支序
[編輯]- Superfamily Partuloidea
- Family Partulidae
- Family Draparnaudiidae
- Superfamily Achatinelloidea
- Family Achatinellidae
- Superfamily Cochlicopoidea
- Family Cochlicopidae
- Family Amastridae
- Superfamily Pupilloidea
- Family Pupillidae
- Family Argnidae
- Family Chondrinidae
- † Family Cylindrellinidae
- Family Lauriidae
- Family Orculidae
- Family Pleurodiscidae
- Family Pyramidulidae
- Family Spelaeodiscidae
- Family Strobilopsidae
- Family Valloniidae
- Family Vertiginidae
- 艾納螺超科(Enoidea B. B. Woodward, 1903 (1880))[4]
- 艾納螺科(Enidae B. B. Woodward, 1903 (1880))
- 霜納螺科(Cerastidae Wenz, 1923)
彎尿道類非正式分類
[編輯]- Superfamily Clausilioidea
- Family Clausiliidae
- † Family Anadromidae
- † Family Filholiidae
- † Family Palaeostoidae
- Superfamily Orthalicoidea
- Family Orthalicidae
- Family Cerionidae
- Family Coelociontidae
- † Family Grangerellidae
- Family Megaspiridae
- Family Placostylidae
- Family Urocoptidae
- 非洲大蝸牛總科 Achatinoidea
- 非洲大蝸牛科 Achatinidae
- Family Ferussaciidae
- Family Micractaeonidae
- Family Subulinidae
- Superfamily Aillyoidea
- Family Aillyidae
- Superfamily Testacelloidea
- Family Testacellidae
- Family Oleacinidae
- Family Spiraxidae
- Superfamily Papillodermatoidea
- Family Papillodermatidae
- Superfamily Streptaxoidea
- Family Streptaxidae
- Superfamily Rhytidoidea
- Family Rhytididae
- Family Chlamydephoridae
- Family Haplotrematidae
- Family Scolodontidae
- Superfamily Acavoidea
- Family Acavidae
- Family Caryodidae
- Family Dorcasiidae
- Family Macrocyclidae
- Family Megomphicidae
- Family Strophocheilidae
- 點螺總科 Punctoidea
- 科 Punctidae
- † 科 Anastomopsidae
- 科 Charopidae
- 科 Cystopeltidae
- 圓盤螺科 Discidae Thiele, 1931
- Anguispira E.S.Morse, 1864
- Calogoniodiscus Pfeffer, 1930
- Canaridiscus M.R.Alonso & Ibáñez, 2011
- Coxiola Pfeffer, 1930
- 圓盤螺屬 Discus Fitzinger, 1833
- Iulus Wollaston, 1878
- Manganellia Harzhauser, Neubauer & Georgopoulou, 2014
- Protodiscus Solem & Yochelson, 1979
- 科 Endodontidae
- 科 Helicodiscidae
- 山地蝸牛科 Oreohelicidae
- 科 Thyrophorellidae
- 總科 Sagdoidea
- 科 Sagdidae
蛞蝓類支序
[編輯]蛞蝓類支序("Limacoid clade")是一個臨時的名稱,包括下列三個總科:
- Superfamily Staffordioidea
- Family Staffordiidae
- Superfamily Dyakioidea
- Family Dyakiidae
- 腹齒螺總科 Gastrodontoidea
- 腹齒螺科 Gastrodontidae
- Family Chronidae
- 真蛞蝓科(Euconulidae)
- Family Oxychilidae
- Family Pristilomatidae
- Family Trochomorphidae
- Fossil taxa probably belonging to the Gastrodontoidea
- Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
- Subfamily † Grandipatulinae
- Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae
- Superfamily Parmacelloidea
- Family Parmacellidae
- Family Milacidae
- Family Trigonochlamydidae
- 帶螺總科(Zonitoidea)
- Superfamily Helicarionoidea
- 鱉甲蝸牛科(Helicarionidae)
- Family Ariophantidae
- Family Urocyclidae
- Superfamily Limacoidea
- 蛞蝓科 Limacidae
- 野蛞蝓科 Agriolimacidae
- Family Boettgerillidae
- Family Vitrinidae
- Superfamily Arionoidea
- Family Arionidae
- Family Anadenidae
- Family Ariolimacidae
- Family Binneyidae
- Family Oopeltidae
- Family Philomycidae
- 旋蝸牛總科 Helicoidea
- 旋蝸牛科 Helicidae
- Family Bradybaenidae
- Family Camaenidae
- Family Cepolidae
- Family Cochlicellidae
- Family Elonidae
- Family Epiphragmophoridae
- Family Halolimnohelicidae
- Family Helicodontidae
- Family Helminthoglyptidae
- Family Humboldtianidae
- Family Hygromiidae
- Family Monadeniidae
- Family Pleurodontidae
- Family Polygyridae
- Family Sphincterochilidae
- Family Thysanophoridae
- Family Trissexodontidae
- Family Xanthonychidae
2010年分類
[編輯]2017年分類
[編輯]2017年的分類,本支序成為了真有肺總目;而其下的各個總科亦重組成為以下三個目[2]:
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Eupulmonata. WoRMS. 2018-02-01 [2018-04-02].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.
- ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
- ^ 吳岷 (編). 二、霜纳螺科 Pachnodidae Steenberg, 1925. 中国动物志. 無脊椎動物 第58卷 艾納螺總科 第一版. 科學出版社. 2018-06-01: 229-234 [2018-12-27]. ISBN 9787030574831 (中文(簡體)).
外部連結
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