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粉砂岩

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粉砂岩
沉積岩
粉砂岩

粉砂岩(英語:Siltstone)又稱aleurolite[1],是一種碎屑沉積岩,主要由粉砂組成。與頁岩不同在於缺乏片狀裂理。 粉砂岩滲透率和孔隙率相對較低,但可形成天然氣緻密儲層岩石 [2][3]。 開采需要水力壓裂[4]。粉砂岩在古埃及用於製造雕像和化妝品調色板。 在 Wadi Hammamat 開采的粉砂岩最有名。是一種堅硬、細粒的粉砂岩,抗剝落[5]

描述

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Holtzclaw 粉砂岩, 地點:Louisville, Kentucky

粉砂被定義為直徑為 2–62 μm 的顆粒,或在 Krumbein phi (φ) 尺度上為 4 至 8 的顆粒[6]。 粉砂岩是任何含有 50% 或更多粉砂大小顆粒的沉積岩[7]。 粉砂岩與砂岩不同,因為它們的孔隙更小,並且含粘土量大。雖然經常被誤認為是頁岩,但粉砂岩缺乏頁岩典型的片狀裂理。 粉砂岩可能含有結核 [8][9]. 且其風化面與層理無關。

來源

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粉砂岩是一種不尋常的岩石,其中大部分粉砂顆粒由石英製成[10]。 石英粉砂的起源一直是很多研究和爭論的話題[11][12]。一些石英粉砂可能起源於細粒葉頁狀變質岩,而許多海相粉砂可能是生物成因[13][14]. 但大多數石英沉積物來自石英的花崗岩[15]. 花崗岩顆粒很大需要高能量地質作用粉碎這些顆粒[16]。 例如冰川磨蝕[17][18]. 在寒冷、構造活躍的山脈中風化;正常風化,特別是在熱帶地區[19][20]. 以及在炎熱的沙漠環境中由鹽形成[21]. 粉砂岩形成於相對安靜的沉積環境中,細顆粒可以從傳輸介質(空氣或水)中沉澱出來並在地表堆積[22]。 在濁積岩序列[23], [[三角洲<]]ref name=」Line」>Lineback, Jerry Alvin. "Deep-water sediments adjacent to the Borden Siltstone (Mississippian) delta in southern Illinois." Circular no. 401 (1966) </ref>,冰川沉積物[24] 和微地槽環境中都存在[25]

參考文獻

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  1. ^ Gyöngyi Farkas Characterization of subterranean bacteria in the Hungarian Upper Permian Siltstone (Aleurolite) Formation Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46(6):559-64
  2. ^ Clarkson, Christopher R.; Jensen, Jerry L.; Pedersen, Per Kent; Freeman, Melissa (February 2012). "Innovative methods for flow-unit and pore-structure analyses in a tight siltstone and shale gas reservoir". AAPG Bulletin. 96 (2): 355–374.
  3. ^ Cao, Zhe; Liu, Guangdi; Zhan, Hongbin; Gao, Jin; Zhang, Jingya; Li, Chaozheng; Xiang, Baoli (May 2017). "Geological roles of the siltstones in tight oil play". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 83: 333–344. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.02.020.
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  18. ^ Riezebos, P.A.; Van der Waals, L. (December 1974). "Silt-sized quartz particles: a proposed source". Sedimentary Geology. 12 (4): 279–285. doi:10.1016/0037-0738(74)90022-0
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