硬腭近音
外观
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硬腭近音 | |
---|---|
j | |
ʝ̞ | |
ʝ˕ | |
IPA编号 | 153 |
编码 | |
HTML码(十进制) | j |
Unicode码(十六进制) | U+006A |
X-SAMPA音标 | j |
ASCII音标 | j |
IPA盲文 | ![]() |
音频范例 | |
硬腭近音(voiced palatal approximant),又叫硬腭无擦通音,是辅音的一种,用于一些口语中,也是闭前不圆唇元音的介音版本。硬腭无擦通音在国际音标的符号是⟨j⟩,X-SAMPA音标的符号则是⟨j⟩。
特征
[编辑]硬腭无擦通音的特征:
该音见于汉语
[编辑]普通话中有此音,是开首为[i]的复韵母中[i]的一个弱化读法,如“有(yǒu)”,原来读[ʔiɤʊ214],因[i]弱化可能成为[jɤʊ214]。
粤语中有此音,出现在字首和字尾,如“医[jiː55]”、“李[lej35]”。
该音见于其他语言
[编辑]英语中此音以字母y表示,如yes。留意y有时会表示元音而非此音,如happy、mayday。
极少数来自古日耳曼语的词汇,用字母j表示此音,如Hallelujah、fjord,而j在绝大多数情况下的音值为/dʒ/。
德语和绝大部分中欧和东欧的语言一样,以字母j表示此音,如jung(年轻的)。
芬兰语中亦会以j表示此音,但在一些口音中字母j亦会用在表示硬腭化的辅音。
日耳曼语族中以j表示此音的的语言普遍不再用j标示其他音。但瑞典语却例外,如果 j 和 t 一同出现,成 tj 的话,会读成 [t̠ɕ]、[ɕ] 或 [ç](视乎口音而定)。
世界语中此音只会用j表示,j不用作标示其他音(因为世界语是人工语言),如jes(是)。
参考文献
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参见
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