梅爾文·戈爾茨坦
梅爾文·戈爾茨坦 | |
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出生 | 1938年2月8日 ![]() |
母校 | |
职业 | 人类学家、藏学者、大學教師 ![]() |
梅爾文·戈爾茨坦(英語:Melvyn Goldstein,1938年2月8日—)是一名美國社會人類學家、藏學家,深入研究西藏社會、歷史、現代政治、一夫多妻制等等。
出生於紐約市,先後從密歇根大學取得歷史學學士和碩士,再從華盛頓大學取得人類學博士,其後長期擔任凱斯西儲大學人類學教授。[1]
争议
[编辑]戈爾茨坦是一位頂尖的西方藏語學家和西藏政治史学者,一直相当富有成果。他的作品中的很多内容具有争议,藏人中的民族主義者經常質疑他的意圖[2],并认为戈爾茨坦的立場親中,指控其研究經常得到中國政府的協助,能夠從中國政府方面拿到其它西方學者得不到的材料。支持西藏独立的西藏流亡作家嘉央諾布指其著作抹黑西藏历史,並引用诺贝尔经济学奖得主阿马蒂亚·森的話:「可疑的歷史無法為可疑的政治辯護」。[3][4]然而,戈爾茨坦其实是以中立的观点来描述西藏,[5]其《西藏現代史》系列被历史学家本諾·韋納描述為「數十年來對中部西藏社會和歷史的開創性學術成果」,[6]学者杰弗里·霍普金斯亦表示「这本书值得高度赞扬,因为它首次尝试对1913年至1951年的西藏政治进行中立而全面的描述」,[7]而美国历史学家莫里斯·罗萨比也对其作品有类似评价。[8]站在第三方角度,戈爾茨坦对于西藏历史的观点无论与西藏流亡人士还是中國政府的观点相比均有明显的区别。以后者为例,中華人民共和國政府声称西藏是明朝的一部分、明朝继承了元朝对西藏的主权,但戈爾茨坦则持完全不同观点,认为“明朝皇帝對該地區沒有行使任何行政權力。明朝皇帝授予藏族領導人許多頭銜,但不像蒙古人那樣授予權威。明朝皇帝授予已經掌權的藏人爵位,只不过承認了政治現實”。[9]但不管怎样,戈爾茨坦是一位資料工作做得比較好的學者,即使不同意他的觀點的人,也很重視他所收集的文獻和實地調查資料。
家庭
[编辑]著作
[编辑]中译本
[编辑]- 《西藏现代史:1913-1951 喇嘛王国的覆灭》,杜永彬 译,北京:时事出版社,1994年6月,ISBN 7-80009-219-4。书名原文:A history of modern tibet 1913-1951 the demise of the Lamaist state。本书考察研究了藏传佛教王国近40年衰亡的过程及其原因。
- 《西藏现代史:1951-1955 暴风雨之前的平静》,2014年7月,香港大学出版社。
- 《现代西藏史:1955-1957》,彭雲 译,2019年11月,香港中文大学出版社。
- 《现代西藏史:1957-1959》,彭雲 译,2021年10月,香港中文大学出版社。
- 《今日西藏牧民:美国人眼中的西藏》,上海:上海翻译出版公司,1991年9月,ISBN 7-80514-784-1。书名原文Nomads of Western Tibet the survival of a way of life。本书根据香港奥达斯制作有限公司1990年版译出。本书描绘了藏族牧民传统的游牧生活方式,遭遇以及现状,并精选了212张摄影照片。
- 《西藏是我家: 扎西次仁的自傳》. 由楊和晉翻译. Carle Place, NY: 明鏡出版社. 2000年. ISBN 978-962-85635-0-0 (中文(繁體)).
- 《西藏是我家》. 由楊和晉翻译. 中国藏学出版社. 2006年. ISBN 978-7-80057-678-2 (中文(中国大陆)).
- 一位藏族革命家: 巴塘人平措汪杰的时代和政治生涯. 由黄潇潇翻译. 香港: 香港大学出版社. 2011. ISBN 9789888028689.
書籍
[编辑]- A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 1: 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State. University of California Press. 1989, ISBN 0-520-07590-0
- A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 2: The Calm Before the Storm: 1951-1955, University of California Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-520-24941-7.
- A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 3: The Storm Clouds Descend, 1955–1957, University of California Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-520-27651-2.
- A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 4: In the Eye of the Storm, 1957-1959. University of California Press. 2019年10月22日. ISBN 9780520278554.
- A New Tibetan English Dictionary of Modern Tibetan, University of California Press, Pp. 1200, 2001.
- (with Dawei Sherap, William Siebenschuh), A Tibetan Revolutionary. The Political Life of Bapa Phüntso Wangye, University of California Press, 2004.
- (with Ben Jiao, Tanzen Lhundrup), On the Cultural Revolution in Tibet: The Nyemo Incident of 1969, University of California Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-520-25682-8.
- The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama. University of California Press. 1997. ISBN 9780520923256.
- (with William Siebenschuh, and Tashi Tsering), The Struggle for a Modern Tibet: the Life of Tashi Tsering, Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc. 1997.
期刊論文
[编辑]- "Stratification, Polyandry and Family Structure in Tibet," in Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 27, No. 1: 64-74, 1971.
- "Serfdom and Mobility: An Examination of the Institution of "Human Lease" in Traditional Tibetan Society," in The Journal of Asian Studies, May 1971, vol. 30, issue 3, pp. 521-534.
- "Fraternal Polyandry and Fertility in a High Himalayan Valley in Northwest Nepal," in Human Ecology, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 223–233, 1976.
- "Pahari and Tibetan Polyandry Revisited," in Ethnology, 17(3): 325-347, 1978.
- (with P. Tsarong), "Tibetan Buddhist Monasticism: Social, Psychological and Cultural Implications," in The Tibet Journal, 10(1): 14-31, 1985.
- "Re-examining Choice, Dependency and Command in the Tibetan Social System. "Tax Appendages" and Other Landless Serfs," in The Tibet Journal, vol. XI, No 4, 1986, pp. 79-112.
- "When Brothers Share a Wife," in Natural History, March, 1987.
- "On the Nature of Tibetan Peasantry," in The Tibet Journal, vol. XIII, No 1, 1988, pp. 61-65.
- "Freedom, Servitude and the "Servant Serf" Nyima," in The Tibet Journal, vol. XIV, No 2, 1989, pp. 56-60.
- (與Cynthia M. Beall合著), "China's Birth Control Policy in the Tibet Autonomous Region," in Asian Survey, vol. 31, No 3, 1991, pp. 286-303.
- "The Dalai Lama's Dilemma (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)," in Foreign Affairs, vol. 77, No. 1, January/February 1998.
- (與Ben Jiao, Cynthia M. Beall和Phuntso Tsering合著), "Fertility & Family Planning in Rural Tibet (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)," in The China Journal, Issue 1, 2002.
- (with G. Childs, Phujung Wangdui), "Beijing's 'People First' development initiative for the Tibet Autonomous Region's rural sector — a case study from the Shigatse area (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)," in The China Journal, 2010, Vol. 63, pp. 59–78.
- (與Cynthia M. Beall合著), "Changing patterns of Tibetan nomadic pastoralism," In Human Biology of Pastoral Populations, Leonard and Crawford (eds.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 131–150.
書籍章節
[编辑]- "Adjudication and Partition in the Tibetan Stem Family," in D. Buxbaum (ed.), Chinese Family Law and Social Change, University of Washington Press, 1978.
- "The Revival of Monastic Life in Drepung Monastery," in Goldstein and Kapstein (eds.), Buddhism in Contemporary Tibet: Religious Revival & Cultural Identity, pp. 16–52, 1998a.
- "Introduction," in Goldstein and Kapstein (eds.), Buddhism in Contemporary Tibet: Religious Revival & Cultural Identity, pp. 1–15, 1998b.
- (with Cynthia M. Beall), "Changing patterns of Tibetan nomadic pastoralism," in Human Biology of Pastoral Populations, Leonard and Crawford (eds.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 131–150.
- "Tibetan Buddhism and Mass Monasticism," in Des moines et des moniales dans le monde. La vie monastique dans le miroir de la parenté (ss la dir. de Adeline Herrou et Gisele Krauskopff), Presses universitaires de Toulouse-le Mirail, 2010.
特別報告
[编辑]- Tibet, China and the United States: Reflections on the Tibet Question (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Occasional Paper Series, The Atlantic Council of the United States, April 1995, 89 p.
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ CWRU. Curriculum vitae of Melvyn C. Goldstein (Revised 1-7-2013) (PDF). cwru.edu. Case Western Reserve University. 7 January 2013 [2013-06-24]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于23 September 2015).
- ^ Robert Barnett. Melvyn C. Goldstein, A History of Modern Tibet. Volume 2: The Calm before the Storm, 1951-1955. Book reviews. China Perspectives. 2009-03, (The Deadlock in Tibet). doi:10.4000/chinaperspectives.4867.
- ^ Norbu, Jamyang. BLACK ANNALS: Goldstein & The Negation Of Tibetan History (Part I). 故鄉網. July 22, 2008 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-11).
- ^ Norbu, Jamyang. Black Annals: Goldstein & the Negation of Tibetan History (Part II). 故鄉網. [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-11).
- ^ John Pinfold. Tibet. Clio Press. 1991: 40. ISBN 9788184246834.
- ^ Weiner, Benno. A History of Modern Tibet, vol. 4, 1957–1959: In the Eye of the Storm by Melvyn C. Goldstein (review). Twentieth-century China (Johns Hopkins University Press). 2020, 45 (3): E–16. ISSN 1521-5385. S2CID 242571589. doi:10.1353/tcc.2020.0032.
- ^ P. Jeffrey Hopkins. Reviewed Work: A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951; The Demise of the Lamaist State. by Melvyn C. Goldstein. JSTOR 2058263.
- ^ Melvyn C. Goldstein. A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State, Volume 1. University of California Press. 2023. ISBN 9780520911765.
- ^ Goldstein(1997年),第4页
- ^ Epstein, Israel. My China Eye: Memoirs of a Jew and a Journalist. Long River Press: 277. 2005年9月13日 [2022年9月13日]. ISBN 9781592650422. (原始内容存档于2022年9月13日) –通过Google Books.